Infection control and safety Flashcards
Involves implementing procedures and policies that
prevent infection
infection control
Main Objective of infection control
: Prevent & Control the Spread of Disease
A condition that results when a microbe (microorganism)
invades the body
infection
difference between infection and disease
Infection
■ Start of microorganism’s invasion
■ Does not have noticeable symptoms
Disease
result of the infection from invasion
microogranisms are all ___
ubiquitous
types of microogranisms
bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa
characteristics that make
the viruses more harmful/deadly
virulent
classified according to their shapes
Bacteria
bacilli- rod
cocci- sphere
spirochetes- spiral
has budding characteristics
fungi
Pathogenic microorganisms awaiting for the opportunity
to cause a disease
opportunistic pathogens
ex of opportunistic pathogens
Escherichia Coli
Can be classified as both a normal flora resident
in the intestinal tract (colon) and an
opportunistic pathogen
escherichia coli
what are other terms for communicable
transmissible/ contagious
COMMUNICABLE VS. CONTAGIOUS
Communicable Infection
○ Some but not all infectious/communicable
diseases can easily spread
○ Those that spread are contagious
● Contagious Disease
○ Passes easily, easily spreads directly from one
person to another
Most commonly reported HAI pathogen
○ Reported by the CDC
○ An intestinal bacteria, usually the cause of
diarrhea among healthcare workers
Urinary tract infection Clostridium difficile
Patient infections acquired from hospitals
● Caused by infected personnel, patients, visitors, food,
drug or equipment
nosocomial/ healthcare associated infection
Nation’s most widely used HAI tracking system
● Most common type of HAI reported to NHSN is UTI
○ Specifically the catheterized UTI
CDC-NATIONAL HEALTHCARE SAFETY NETWORK (NHSN)
A federal advisory committee was appointed to provide
advice and guidance to the CDC about the practice of
infection control and strategies for surveillance,
prevention, and control of healthcare-associated
infections, antimicrobial resistance, and related events in
US healthcare settings
HEALTHCARE INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES ADVISORY
COMMITTEE (HICPAC)
3 WELL-KNOWN PATHOGENS IN ANTIMICROBIAL
RESISTANCE
Clostridium difficile- diarrhea
Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus- skin wound
enterococcus- vancomycin resistant enterococcus- genus gram positive
normally present in the digestive and genital tract bacteria
enterococcus
CDC RECOMMENDED VACCINES FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS
influenza - 1 annually
MMR- 2 (28 days pagitan)
COVID- 19- 2
dtap- 1 (tetanus pertussis, TD booster after 10 yearsafter first dose)
Varicella- 2 (4 weeks apart)
Hepa B- 3
Meningococcal- 1
specifies standard precautions to protect laboratory workers and other healthcare professionals
occupational safety and health administration
formulate and standardize guidelines
occupational safety and health administration
OSHA effective on
march 6, 1992
developed on _1985 used to describe CDC recommendation for limiting spread
Universal precautions
States that “the blood and certain body fluid of all
individuals were considered potentially infectious”
universal precautions
Standard set of guidelines to prevent transmission of
bloodborne pathogens from exposure to blood and other
potentially infectious materials
universal precautions
Reduce transmission of infectious materials from
any moist body substance, regardless of presumed
infection status
body substance isolation
Require that gloves be worn when in
contact with any moist body substance
body substance isolation
Updated recommendations (1996) from the CDC which
combine principles of body substance isolation and
universal precautions
● Apply to the following potentially infectious materials:
only exception: sweat
standard precautions
When to Use: Alcohol or Soap and Water
Alcohol – when there is no visible dirt
○ Soap and Water – when there is visible dirt
2 METHODS OF HAND HYGIENE
● Routine Hand Washing
○ Uses soap and water
○ Normal handwashing, more efficient
● Hand Antisepsis
○ Using of alcohol (minimum of 60%)/sanitizers
In phlebotomy, we use ___ alcohol
70%
TYPES OF SAFETY HAZARD
biological, chemical, sharp, physical
enumerate the national PROTECTION ASSOCATION (NFPA) LABELING SYSTEM
reactivity, fire hazard, health hazard, specific hazard
enumerate the type of extinguishers
a,b,c,d,k
How to use a fire extinguisher
Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the nozzle, Sweep side to side
how to respond to a fire
rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
The CDC recognizes 4 biosafety levels for laboratories
according to hazard risk (lowest, moderate, high, highest)
1- do not cause any (high school lab, E coli)
2- not transmissible by inhlation( clinical lab, HIV HBV salmonella)
3- life threatening, airborne, infect without direct contact( university research lab, Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
4- high fatality rates with no treatment (CDC NIH, marburg ebola)
in houshold bleach disinfectant solution used in a___
volume/volume dilution (10%)
○ Made by adding 10mL of bleach to 90mL of
water or 2 cups of bleach to 1 gallon of water
○ Achieve the recommended concentration of
chlorine of ___ ppm
1:10; 5500 ppm
DISINFECT VS. SANITIZE
Disinfect
○ Used when pertaining to object
● Sanitize
○ Used when pertaining to hands and body parts
NFPA
OSHA
HICPAC
CDC-NHSN
National Fire protection association
Occupational safety and health administration
Heatlhcare infection control Practices Advisory Committee
CDC- National Healthcare Safety Network
Droplet vs airborne
Kapag droplet more than 5um pero if airborne less than non
Droplet vs airborne
Kapag droplet more than 5um pero if airborne less than non
Give examples of bacteria, virus, protozoa and fungi
Bacteria- neisseria meningitides. (Meningococcal meningitis)
Virus- herpes simplex (oral and genital herpes)
Protozoa- trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis )
Fungi- candida albicans (candidiasis)
Give examples of bacteria, virus, protozoa and fungi
Bacteria- neisseria meningitides. (Meningococcal meningitis)
Virus- herpes simplex (oral and genital herpes)
Protozoa- trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis )
Fungi- candida albicans (candidiasis)
describes the safe handling of biological substances that pose a health risk.
Biosafety
anything harmful or potentially harmful to health.
Biohazard
Type of extringuisher for K class fires
Potassium based alkaline liquid
Antiseptic
60% min 20-30. Secs palmful
needs the Hepatitis B virus to exist.
Hepa D
Only hepa B have vaccine
True
