Infection control and safety Flashcards by Roshan Mojica

Involves implementing procedures and policies that
prevent infection

infection control

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Main Objective of infection control

: Prevent & Control the Spread of Disease

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A condition that results when a microbe (microorganism)
invades the body

infection

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difference between infection and disease

Infection
■ Start of microorganism’s invasion
■ Does not have noticeable symptoms

Disease
result of the infection from invasion

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microogranisms are all ___

ubiquitous

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types of microogranisms

bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa

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characteristics that make
the viruses more harmful/deadly

virulent

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classified according to their shapes

Bacteria
bacilli- rod
cocci- sphere
spirochetes- spiral

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has budding characteristics

fungi

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Pathogenic microorganisms awaiting for the opportunity
to cause a disease

opportunistic pathogens

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ex of opportunistic pathogens

Escherichia Coli

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Can be classified as both a normal flora resident
in the intestinal tract (colon) and an
opportunistic pathogen

escherichia coli

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what are other terms for communicable

transmissible/ contagious

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COMMUNICABLE VS. CONTAGIOUS

Communicable Infection
○ Some but not all infectious/communicable
diseases can easily spread
○ Those that spread are contagious
● Contagious Disease
○ Passes easily, easily spreads directly from one
person to another

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Most commonly reported HAI pathogen
○ Reported by the CDC
○ An intestinal bacteria, usually the cause of
diarrhea among healthcare workers

Urinary tract infection Clostridium difficile

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Patient infections acquired from hospitals
● Caused by infected personnel, patients, visitors, food,
drug or equipment

nosocomial/ healthcare associated infection

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Nation’s most widely used HAI tracking system
● Most common type of HAI reported to NHSN is UTI
○ Specifically the catheterized UTI

CDC-NATIONAL HEALTHCARE SAFETY NETWORK (NHSN)

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A federal advisory committee was appointed to provide
advice and guidance to the CDC about the practice of
infection control and strategies for surveillance,
prevention, and control of healthcare-associated
infections, antimicrobial resistance, and related events in
US healthcare settings

HEALTHCARE INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES ADVISORY

COMMITTEE (HICPAC)

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3 WELL-KNOWN PATHOGENS IN ANTIMICROBIAL
RESISTANCE

Clostridium difficile- diarrhea
Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus- skin wound
enterococcus- vancomycin resistant enterococcus- genus gram positive

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normally present in the digestive and genital tract bacteria

enterococcus

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CDC RECOMMENDED VACCINES FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS

influenza - 1 annually
MMR- 2 (28 days pagitan)
COVID- 19- 2
dtap- 1 (tetanus pertussis, TD booster after 10 yearsafter first dose)
Varicella- 2 (4 weeks apart)
Hepa B- 3
Meningococcal- 1

specifies standard precautions to protect laboratory workers and other healthcare professionals

occupational safety and health administration

formulate and standardize guidelines

occupational safety and health administration

OSHA effective on

march 6, 1992

developed on _1985 used to describe CDC recommendation for limiting spread

Universal precautions

States that “the blood and certain body fluid of all individuals were considered potentially infectious”

universal precautions

Standard set of guidelines to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials

universal precautions

Reduce transmission of infectious materials from any moist body substance, regardless of presumed infection status

body substance isolation

Require that gloves be worn when in contact with any moist body substance

body substance isolation

Updated recommendations (1996) from the CDC which combine principles of body substance isolation and universal precautions ● Apply to the following potentially infectious materials: *only exception: sweat*

standard precautions

When to Use: Alcohol or Soap and Water

Alcohol – when there is no visible dirt ○ Soap and Water – when there is visible dirt

2 METHODS OF HAND HYGIENE

● Routine Hand Washing ○ Uses soap and water ○ Normal handwashing, more efficient ● Hand Antisepsis ○ Using of alcohol (minimum of 60%)/sanitizers

In phlebotomy, we use ___ alcohol

70%

TYPES OF SAFETY HAZARD

biological, chemical, sharp, physical

enumerate the national PROTECTION ASSOCATION (NFPA) LABELING SYSTEM

reactivity, fire hazard, health hazard, specific hazard

enumerate the type of extinguishers

a,b,c,d,k

How to use a fire extinguisher

Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the nozzle, Sweep side to side

how to respond to a fire

rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish

The CDC recognizes 4 biosafety levels for laboratories according to hazard risk (lowest, moderate, high, highest)

1- do not cause any (high school lab, E coli) 2- not transmissible by inhlation( clinical lab, HIV HBV salmonella) 3- life threatening, airborne, infect without direct contact( university research lab, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) 4- high fatality rates with no treatment (CDC NIH, marburg ebola)

in houshold bleach disinfectant solution used in a___ volume/volume dilution (10%) ○ Made by adding 10mL of bleach to 90mL of water or 2 cups of bleach to 1 gallon of water ○ Achieve the recommended concentration of chlorine of ___ ppm

1:10; 5500 ppm

DISINFECT VS. SANITIZE

Disinfect ○ Used when pertaining to object ● Sanitize ○ Used when pertaining to hands and body parts

NFPA OSHA HICPAC CDC-NHSN

National Fire protection association Occupational safety and health administration Heatlhcare infection control Practices Advisory Committee CDC- National Healthcare Safety Network

Droplet vs airborne

Kapag droplet more than 5um pero if airborne less than non

Droplet vs airborne

Kapag droplet more than 5um pero if airborne less than non

Give examples of bacteria, virus, protozoa and fungi

Bacteria- neisseria meningitides. (Meningococcal meningitis) Virus- herpes simplex (oral and genital herpes) Protozoa- trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis ) Fungi- candida albicans (candidiasis)

Give examples of bacteria, virus, protozoa and fungi

Bacteria- neisseria meningitides. (Meningococcal meningitis) Virus- herpes simplex (oral and genital herpes) Protozoa- trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis ) Fungi- candida albicans (candidiasis)

describes the safe handling of biological substances that pose a health risk.

Biosafety

anything harmful or potentially harmful to health.

Biohazard

Type of extringuisher for K class fires

Potassium based alkaline liquid

Antiseptic

60% min 20-30. Secs palmful

needs the Hepatitis B virus to exist.

Hepa D

Only hepa B have vaccine

True