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PMLS 2 > Infection control and safety > Flashcards

Infection control and safety Flashcards

1
Q

Involves implementing procedures and policies that
prevent infection

A

infection control

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2
Q

Main Objective of infection control

A

: Prevent & Control the Spread of Disease

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3
Q

A condition that results when a microbe (microorganism)
invades the body

A

infection

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4
Q

difference between infection and disease

A

Infection
■ Start of microorganism’s invasion
■ Does not have noticeable symptoms

Disease
result of the infection from invasion

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5
Q

microogranisms are all ___

A

ubiquitous

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6
Q

types of microogranisms

A

bacteria, fungi, virus, protozoa

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7
Q

characteristics that make
the viruses more harmful/deadly

A

virulent

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8
Q

classified according to their shapes

A

Bacteria
bacilli- rod
cocci- sphere
spirochetes- spiral

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9
Q

has budding characteristics

A

fungi

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10
Q

Pathogenic microorganisms awaiting for the opportunity
to cause a disease

A

opportunistic pathogens

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11
Q

ex of opportunistic pathogens

A

Escherichia Coli

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12
Q

Can be classified as both a normal flora resident
in the intestinal tract (colon) and an
opportunistic pathogen

A

escherichia coli

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13
Q

what are other terms for communicable

A

transmissible/ contagious

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14
Q

COMMUNICABLE VS. CONTAGIOUS

A

Communicable Infection
○ Some but not all infectious/communicable
diseases can easily spread
○ Those that spread are contagious
● Contagious Disease
○ Passes easily, easily spreads directly from one
person to another

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15
Q

Most commonly reported HAI pathogen
○ Reported by the CDC
○ An intestinal bacteria, usually the cause of
diarrhea among healthcare workers

A

Urinary tract infection Clostridium difficile

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16
Q

Patient infections acquired from hospitals
● Caused by infected personnel, patients, visitors, food,
drug or equipment

A

nosocomial/ healthcare associated infection

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17
Q

Nation’s most widely used HAI tracking system
● Most common type of HAI reported to NHSN is UTI
○ Specifically the catheterized UTI

A

CDC-NATIONAL HEALTHCARE SAFETY NETWORK (NHSN)

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18
Q

A federal advisory committee was appointed to provide
advice and guidance to the CDC about the practice of
infection control and strategies for surveillance,
prevention, and control of healthcare-associated
infections, antimicrobial resistance, and related events in
US healthcare settings

A

HEALTHCARE INFECTION CONTROL PRACTICES ADVISORY

COMMITTEE (HICPAC)

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19
Q

3 WELL-KNOWN PATHOGENS IN ANTIMICROBIAL
RESISTANCE

A

Clostridium difficile- diarrhea
Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus- skin wound
enterococcus- vancomycin resistant enterococcus- genus gram positive

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20
Q

normally present in the digestive and genital tract bacteria

A

enterococcus

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21
Q

CDC RECOMMENDED VACCINES FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS

A

influenza - 1 annually
MMR- 2 (28 days pagitan)
COVID- 19- 2
dtap- 1 (tetanus pertussis, TD booster after 10 yearsafter first dose)
Varicella- 2 (4 weeks apart)
Hepa B- 3
Meningococcal- 1

22
Q

specifies standard precautions to protect laboratory workers and other healthcare professionals

A

occupational safety and health administration

23
Q

formulate and standardize guidelines

A

occupational safety and health administration

24
Q

OSHA effective on

A

march 6, 1992

25
Q

developed on _1985 used to describe CDC recommendation for limiting spread

A

Universal precautions

26
Q

States that “the blood and certain body fluid of all
individuals were considered potentially infectious”

A

universal precautions

27
Q

Standard set of guidelines to prevent transmission of
bloodborne pathogens from exposure to blood and other
potentially infectious materials

A

universal precautions

28
Q

Reduce transmission of infectious materials from
any moist body substance, regardless of presumed
infection status

A

body substance isolation

29
Q

Require that gloves be worn when in
contact with any moist body substance

A

body substance isolation

30
Q

Updated recommendations (1996) from the CDC which
combine principles of body substance isolation and
universal precautions
● Apply to the following potentially infectious materials:
only exception: sweat

A

standard precautions

31
Q

When to Use: Alcohol or Soap and Water

A

Alcohol – when there is no visible dirt
○ Soap and Water – when there is visible dirt

32
Q

2 METHODS OF HAND HYGIENE

A

● Routine Hand Washing
○ Uses soap and water
○ Normal handwashing, more efficient

● Hand Antisepsis
○ Using of alcohol (minimum of 60%)/sanitizers

33
Q

In phlebotomy, we use ___ alcohol

A

70%

34
Q

TYPES OF SAFETY HAZARD

A

biological, chemical, sharp, physical

35
Q

enumerate the national PROTECTION ASSOCATION (NFPA) LABELING SYSTEM

A

reactivity, fire hazard, health hazard, specific hazard

36
Q

enumerate the type of extinguishers

A

a,b,c,d,k

37
Q

How to use a fire extinguisher

A

Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the nozzle, Sweep side to side

38
Q

how to respond to a fire

A

rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish

39
Q

The CDC recognizes 4 biosafety levels for laboratories
according to hazard risk (lowest, moderate, high, highest)

A

1- do not cause any (high school lab, E coli)
2- not transmissible by inhlation( clinical lab, HIV HBV salmonella)
3- life threatening, airborne, infect without direct contact( university research lab, Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
4- high fatality rates with no treatment (CDC NIH, marburg ebola)

40
Q

in houshold bleach disinfectant solution used in a___
volume/volume dilution (10%)
○ Made by adding 10mL of bleach to 90mL of
water or 2 cups of bleach to 1 gallon of water
○ Achieve the recommended concentration of
chlorine of ___ ppm

A

1:10; 5500 ppm

41
Q

DISINFECT VS. SANITIZE

A

Disinfect
○ Used when pertaining to object
● Sanitize
○ Used when pertaining to hands and body parts

42
Q

NFPA
OSHA
HICPAC
CDC-NHSN

A

National Fire protection association
Occupational safety and health administration
Heatlhcare infection control Practices Advisory Committee
CDC- National Healthcare Safety Network

43
Q

Droplet vs airborne

A

Kapag droplet more than 5um pero if airborne less than non

44
Q

Droplet vs airborne

A

Kapag droplet more than 5um pero if airborne less than non

45
Q

Give examples of bacteria, virus, protozoa and fungi

A

Bacteria- neisseria meningitides. (Meningococcal meningitis)
Virus- herpes simplex (oral and genital herpes)
Protozoa- trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis )
Fungi- candida albicans (candidiasis)

46
Q

Give examples of bacteria, virus, protozoa and fungi

A

Bacteria- neisseria meningitides. (Meningococcal meningitis)
Virus- herpes simplex (oral and genital herpes)
Protozoa- trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis )
Fungi- candida albicans (candidiasis)

47
Q

describes the safe handling of biological substances that pose a health risk.

A

Biosafety

48
Q

anything harmful or potentially harmful to health.

A

Biohazard

49
Q

Type of extringuisher for K class fires

A

Potassium based alkaline liquid

50
Q

Antiseptic

A

60% min 20-30. Secs palmful

51
Q

needs the Hepatitis B virus to exist.

A

Hepa D

52
Q

Only hepa B have vaccine

A

True

PMLS 2 (6 decks)

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