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circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

System of blood vessels.
★ Allow blood to be circulated from the
heart to all parts of the body.

A

Vascular System

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2
Q

describe Pulmonary Circulation

A

Deoxygenated to oxygenated
★ Superior and inferior vena cava → R
atrium → R ventricle → pulmonary
arteries → Lungs (alveoli) → Pulmonary
veins → L atrium → L ventricle (chamber
of the heart that has the most muscular
layer) → aorta
★ The heart receives oxygenated blood
from superior and inferior canva.

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3
Q

describe Systemic circulation

A

L ventricle (chamber of the heart that
has the most muscular layer/ thickest
myocardium) → aorta → arteries →
arterioles (small arteries) → capillaries
(gas exchange occurs) → venules (smallest vein and receives blood from
capillaries) → veins → back to the
superior/ inferior vena cava

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4
Q

Tube-like structures that are
interconnected

A

Blood Vessels

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5
Q

Transport blood away from the heart. Give its characteristics

A

Arteries; Elastic, muscular and thicker:

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6
Q

what is the largest artery and the smallest

A

★ Aorta - largest artery; 1” in diameter
★ Arterioles - smaller arteries

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7
Q

★ Bright red
★ High oxygen content

A

arterial blood

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8
Q

True or false: ★ During collection, there is a need to pull
the plunger because the pressure causes
the blood to pump/ pulse into its own
syringe.

A

false: NO

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9
Q

Moves the blood towards the heart.
★ Thinner because there is less pressure.

A

Veins

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10
Q

what vein is excempted As veins carry deoxygenated blood,

A

Exception: pulmonary veins

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11
Q

Capillaries when joined together they
form ____.
★ Venules when joined together form veins.

A

venules

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12
Q
  • longest vein
A

Great saphenous vein

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13
Q

give characteristics of Venous Blood

A

★ Darker
★ More bluish than red
★ Poor oxygen content

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14
Q

Smallest blood vessels
★ Single layer of cells for selective
permeability

A

capillaries

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15
Q

Most numerous (95%) blood vessel

A

capillaries

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16
Q

is capillaries dependent on body temp?

A

Dependent on body temperature
○ An stimuli to our blood vessels
as our capillaries are sensitive
■ Vasodilation - facilitates
cooling of the body to
respond to temperature
(external stimuli)

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17
Q

Mixture of both venous and arterial
blood

A

Capillary Blood

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18
Q

Internal space of the blood

A

lumen

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19
Q

Arteries and vein
○ 3 layers

Capillaries
○ 1 layer of endothelial cells

A

true

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20
Q

enumerate the parts of a blood vessel and its kind of tissue

A

● Tunica adventitia
○ Connective tissue
● Tunica media
○ Smooth muscle
● Tunica intima
○ Endothelium

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21
Q

true or false veins have thicker tunica media than
the arteries

A

false

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22
Q

Blood is __ times thicker than water.

A

5

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23
Q

what are the Formed elements: (45%)

A

RCBs (erythrocytes)
○ WBCs (leukocytes)
○ Platelets (thrombocytes)

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24
Q

○ Difference between plasma and
serum:

A

Plasma contains fibrinogen while serum does not
Plasma is not clotted but just centrifuged snd put on a anticoagulant tube
More tranluscent
Straw colored

Serum does not contain fibrinogen
Clotted for 20-30 mins and centrifuged
Clearer

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25
proteins and its function
Proteins: a. Fibrinogen - aids in clotting b. Globulins - fight foreign invaders (antibodies) c. Albumin - most abundant, assist in regulating BP
26
Most numerous formed element
rbc
27
Reason of the red pigment
hemoglobin
28
in adults where is the blood produced?
bone marrow
29
A hormone produced from the kidney. It sends signals to the bone marrow to produce more RBC to release in the circulation (erythropoiesis).
Erythropoietin (EPO)
30
It is a precursor before it becomes a mature RBC
reticulocytes
31
Lifespan of RBC
120
32
Stains - ___ is being used. ■ Nucleus ■ Size ■ Visibility of granules
wright stain
33
Leukocytes are
nucleated and granulated
34
___: lack of RBC ____: increase production of RBC
Anemia; Polycythemia
35
insufficient leukocytes (less than 5000 )
Leukopenia:
36
increase production (more than 10,000)
Leukocytosis:
37
ability to pass through capillaries’ thin walls of endothelial cells to move to tissue
“Diapedesis”
38
Engulf foreign substance
Phagocytosis
39
Leukocytes produce antibodies like
B-lymphocytes
40
Neutrophils %
50-70%:
41
Increased in bacterial infection
Neutrophils
42
Second most numerous; Comes in 2 forms:____
lymphocytes; B and T lymphocytes
43
lymphocytes %
25-38%
44
monocytes %
3-7%
45
Largest WBC
monocyte
46
Kidney-shaped nucleus
monocyte
47
Bright orange/ orange red granules ○ Bi-lobed nucleus/ ray-ban nucleus
Eosinophils
48
○ allergic/ parasitic infections
Eosinophils
49
Eosinophils %
1-3%
50
basophils %
0.5-1%
51
Blue-black granules
basophils
52
Not true cell; smallest
Thrombocytes
53
Not separated or clotted ★ Placed in a tube with an anticoagulant ★ If left undisturbed, formed elements will settle at the bottom
Whole Blood
54
★ Not clotted but separated through centrifugation ★ Placed in a tube with an anticoagulant & centrifuged
plasma
55
With fibrinogen & clotting factors
plasma
56
Clotted (30-60 min) & separated through centrifugation
serum
57
Without fibrinogen & clotting factors
serum
58
ex test of plasma and serum
STAT chem; immunology tes
59
★ Ability of the body to stop the bleeding following the vascular injury ★ Arrest or stoppage of bleeding ★ Stop blood loss ★ Interaction of endothelial cells,platelets, other blood cell, plasma proteins, calcium and coagulation
Hemostasis
60
A process to achieve hemostasis
Coagulation
61
Middle of the arm and in front of the elbow
Antecubital fossa
62
a Most Prominent Vein is..
Well fixed ○ Not overlying a pulse (artery and nerve) ★ Not the same pattern ★ Brachial artery ★ Nerves ★ Check median and MCV before considering other AC veins
63
2 patterns of vein
H (left arm 70%) M (right arm 30%)
64
M pattern has __ veins
5
65
Caution: veins on the ____ should not be used
lateral wrist above the thumb
66
Capillary blood contains tissue fluid such as
interstitial and cellular
67
difference between plasma and serum
plasma has fibrinogen and serum does not
68
Fibrinogen -____ b. Globulins - _____ c. Albumin_____
aids in clotting fight foreign invaders (antibodies) - most abundant, assist in regulating BP
69
Normal count of wbc and platelets and rbc
Wbc - 5000-10000 Rbc- 4-5m/cmm Platelet- 150000-400000

PMLS 2 (6 decks)

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