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PMLS 2 > circulatory system > Flashcards

circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

System of blood vessels.
★ Allow blood to be circulated from the
heart to all parts of the body.

A

Vascular System

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2
Q

describe Pulmonary Circulation

A

Deoxygenated to oxygenated
★ Superior and inferior vena cava → R
atrium → R ventricle → pulmonary
arteries → Lungs (alveoli) → Pulmonary
veins → L atrium → L ventricle (chamber
of the heart that has the most muscular
layer) → aorta
★ The heart receives oxygenated blood
from superior and inferior canva.

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3
Q

describe Systemic circulation

A

L ventricle (chamber of the heart that
has the most muscular layer/ thickest
myocardium) → aorta → arteries →
arterioles (small arteries) → capillaries
(gas exchange occurs) → venules (smallest vein and receives blood from
capillaries) → veins → back to the
superior/ inferior vena cava

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4
Q

Tube-like structures that are
interconnected

A

Blood Vessels

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5
Q

Transport blood away from the heart. Give its characteristics

A

Arteries; Elastic, muscular and thicker:

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6
Q

what is the largest artery and the smallest

A

★ Aorta - largest artery; 1” in diameter
★ Arterioles - smaller arteries

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7
Q

★ Bright red
★ High oxygen content

A

arterial blood

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8
Q

True or false: ★ During collection, there is a need to pull
the plunger because the pressure causes
the blood to pump/ pulse into its own
syringe.

A

false: NO

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9
Q

Moves the blood towards the heart.
★ Thinner because there is less pressure.

A

Veins

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10
Q

what vein is excempted As veins carry deoxygenated blood,

A

Exception: pulmonary veins

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11
Q

Capillaries when joined together they
form ____.
★ Venules when joined together form veins.

A

venules

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12
Q
  • longest vein
A

Great saphenous vein

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13
Q

give characteristics of Venous Blood

A

★ Darker
★ More bluish than red
★ Poor oxygen content

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14
Q

Smallest blood vessels
★ Single layer of cells for selective
permeability

A

capillaries

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15
Q

Most numerous (95%) blood vessel

A

capillaries

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16
Q

is capillaries dependent on body temp?

A

Dependent on body temperature
○ An stimuli to our blood vessels
as our capillaries are sensitive
■ Vasodilation - facilitates
cooling of the body to
respond to temperature
(external stimuli)

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17
Q

Mixture of both venous and arterial
blood

A

Capillary Blood

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18
Q

Internal space of the blood

A

lumen

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19
Q

Arteries and vein
○ 3 layers

Capillaries
○ 1 layer of endothelial cells

A

true

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20
Q

enumerate the parts of a blood vessel and its kind of tissue

A

● Tunica adventitia
○ Connective tissue
● Tunica media
○ Smooth muscle
● Tunica intima
○ Endothelium

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21
Q

true or false veins have thicker tunica media than
the arteries

A

false

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22
Q

Blood is __ times thicker than water.

A

5

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23
Q

what are the Formed elements: (45%)

A

RCBs (erythrocytes)
○ WBCs (leukocytes)
○ Platelets (thrombocytes)

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24
Q

○ Difference between plasma and
serum:

A

Plasma contains fibrinogen while serum does not
Plasma is not clotted but just centrifuged snd put on a anticoagulant tube
More tranluscent
Straw colored

Serum does not contain fibrinogen
Clotted for 20-30 mins and centrifuged
Clearer

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25
Q

proteins and its function

A

Proteins:
a. Fibrinogen - aids in clotting
b. Globulins - fight foreign invaders
(antibodies)
c. Albumin - most abundant, assist
in regulating BP

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26
Q

Most numerous formed element

A

rbc

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27
Q

Reason of the red
pigment

A

hemoglobin

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28
Q

in adults where is the blood produced?

A

bone marrow

29
Q

A hormone produced
from the kidney. It
sends signals to the
bone marrow to produce
more RBC to release in
the circulation
(erythropoiesis).

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

30
Q

It is a precursor before
it becomes a mature
RBC

A

reticulocytes

31
Q

Lifespan of RBC

A

120

32
Q

Stains - ___ is being used.
■ Nucleus
■ Size
■ Visibility of granules

A

wright stain

33
Q

Leukocytes are

A

nucleated and granulated

34
Q

___: lack of RBC
____: increase production of RBC

A

Anemia; Polycythemia

35
Q

insufficient leukocytes (less than
5000 )

A

Leukopenia:

36
Q

increase production (more than
10,000)

A

Leukocytosis:

37
Q

ability to
pass through capillaries’
thin walls of endothelial
cells to move to tissue

A

“Diapedesis”

38
Q

Engulf foreign
substance

A

Phagocytosis

39
Q

Leukocytes produce antibodies like

A

B-lymphocytes

40
Q

Neutrophils %

A

50-70%:

41
Q

Increased in bacterial
infection

A

Neutrophils

42
Q

Second most numerous; Comes in 2 forms:____

A

lymphocytes; B and T
lymphocytes

43
Q

lymphocytes %

A

25-38%

44
Q

monocytes %

A

3-7%

45
Q

Largest WBC

A

monocyte

46
Q

Kidney-shaped nucleus

A

monocyte

47
Q

Bright orange/ orange red
granules
○ Bi-lobed nucleus/ ray-ban
nucleus

A

Eosinophils

48
Q

○ allergic/ parasitic infections

A

Eosinophils

49
Q

Eosinophils %

A

1-3%

50
Q

basophils %

A

0.5-1%

51
Q

Blue-black granules

A

basophils

52
Q

Not true cell; smallest

A

Thrombocytes

53
Q

Not separated or clotted
★ Placed in a tube with an anticoagulant
★ If left undisturbed, formed elements will
settle at the bottom

A

Whole Blood

54
Q

★ Not clotted but separated through
centrifugation
★ Placed in a tube with an anticoagulant &
centrifuged

A

plasma

55
Q

With fibrinogen & clotting factors

A

plasma

56
Q

Clotted (30-60 min) & separated through
centrifugation

A

serum

57
Q

Without fibrinogen & clotting factors

A

serum

58
Q

ex test of plasma and serum

A

STAT chem; immunology tes

59
Q

★ Ability of the body to stop the bleeding
following the vascular injury
★ Arrest or stoppage of bleeding
★ Stop blood loss
★ Interaction of endothelial cells,platelets,
other blood cell, plasma proteins,
calcium and coagulation

A

Hemostasis

60
Q

A process to achieve hemostasis

A

Coagulation

61
Q

Middle of the arm and in front
of the elbow

A

Antecubital fossa

62
Q

a Most Prominent Vein is..

A

Well fixed
○ Not overlying a pulse (artery
and nerve)
★ Not the same pattern
★ Brachial artery
★ Nerves
★ Check median and MCV before
considering other AC veins

63
Q

2 patterns of vein

A

H (left arm 70%)
M (right arm 30%)

64
Q

M pattern has __ veins

A

5

65
Q

Caution: veins on the ____ should
not be used

A

lateral wrist above the thumb

66
Q

Capillary blood contains tissue fluid such as

A

interstitial and cellular

67
Q

difference between plasma and serum

A

plasma has fibrinogen and serum does not

68
Q

Fibrinogen -____
b. Globulins - _____
c. Albumin_____

A

aids in clotting
fight foreign invaders
(antibodies)
- most abundant, assist
in regulating BP

69
Q

Normal count of wbc and platelets and rbc

A

Wbc - 5000-10000
Rbc- 4-5m/cmm
Platelet- 150000-400000

PMLS 2 (6 decks)

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