circulatory system Flashcards
System of blood vessels.
★ Allow blood to be circulated from the
heart to all parts of the body.
Vascular System
describe Pulmonary Circulation
Deoxygenated to oxygenated
★ Superior and inferior vena cava → R
atrium → R ventricle → pulmonary
arteries → Lungs (alveoli) → Pulmonary
veins → L atrium → L ventricle (chamber
of the heart that has the most muscular
layer) → aorta
★ The heart receives oxygenated blood
from superior and inferior canva.
describe Systemic circulation
L ventricle (chamber of the heart that
has the most muscular layer/ thickest
myocardium) → aorta → arteries →
arterioles (small arteries) → capillaries
(gas exchange occurs) → venules (smallest vein and receives blood from
capillaries) → veins → back to the
superior/ inferior vena cava
Tube-like structures that are
interconnected
Blood Vessels
Transport blood away from the heart. Give its characteristics
Arteries; Elastic, muscular and thicker:
what is the largest artery and the smallest
★ Aorta - largest artery; 1” in diameter
★ Arterioles - smaller arteries
★ Bright red
★ High oxygen content
arterial blood
True or false: ★ During collection, there is a need to pull
the plunger because the pressure causes
the blood to pump/ pulse into its own
syringe.
false: NO
Moves the blood towards the heart.
★ Thinner because there is less pressure.
Veins
what vein is excempted As veins carry deoxygenated blood,
Exception: pulmonary veins
Capillaries when joined together they
form ____.
★ Venules when joined together form veins.
venules
- longest vein
Great saphenous vein
give characteristics of Venous Blood
★ Darker
★ More bluish than red
★ Poor oxygen content
Smallest blood vessels
★ Single layer of cells for selective
permeability
capillaries
Most numerous (95%) blood vessel
capillaries
is capillaries dependent on body temp?
Dependent on body temperature
○ An stimuli to our blood vessels
as our capillaries are sensitive
■ Vasodilation - facilitates
cooling of the body to
respond to temperature
(external stimuli)
Mixture of both venous and arterial
blood
Capillary Blood
Internal space of the blood
lumen
Arteries and vein
○ 3 layers
Capillaries
○ 1 layer of endothelial cells
true
enumerate the parts of a blood vessel and its kind of tissue
● Tunica adventitia
○ Connective tissue
● Tunica media
○ Smooth muscle
● Tunica intima
○ Endothelium
true or false veins have thicker tunica media than
the arteries
false
Blood is __ times thicker than water.
5
what are the Formed elements: (45%)
RCBs (erythrocytes)
○ WBCs (leukocytes)
○ Platelets (thrombocytes)
○ Difference between plasma and
serum:
Plasma contains fibrinogen while serum does not
Plasma is not clotted but just centrifuged snd put on a anticoagulant tube
More tranluscent
Straw colored
Serum does not contain fibrinogen
Clotted for 20-30 mins and centrifuged
Clearer
proteins and its function
Proteins:
a. Fibrinogen - aids in clotting
b. Globulins - fight foreign invaders
(antibodies)
c. Albumin - most abundant, assist
in regulating BP
Most numerous formed element
rbc
Reason of the red
pigment
hemoglobin
in adults where is the blood produced?
bone marrow
A hormone produced
from the kidney. It
sends signals to the
bone marrow to produce
more RBC to release in
the circulation
(erythropoiesis).
Erythropoietin (EPO)
It is a precursor before
it becomes a mature
RBC
reticulocytes
Lifespan of RBC
120
Stains - ___ is being used.
■ Nucleus
■ Size
■ Visibility of granules
wright stain
Leukocytes are
nucleated and granulated
___: lack of RBC
____: increase production of RBC
Anemia; Polycythemia
insufficient leukocytes (less than
5000 )
Leukopenia:
increase production (more than
10,000)
Leukocytosis:
ability to
pass through capillaries’
thin walls of endothelial
cells to move to tissue
“Diapedesis”
Engulf foreign
substance
Phagocytosis
Leukocytes produce antibodies like
B-lymphocytes
Neutrophils %
50-70%:
Increased in bacterial
infection
Neutrophils
Second most numerous; Comes in 2 forms:____
lymphocytes; B and T
lymphocytes
lymphocytes %
25-38%
monocytes %
3-7%
Largest WBC
monocyte
Kidney-shaped nucleus
monocyte
Bright orange/ orange red
granules
○ Bi-lobed nucleus/ ray-ban
nucleus
Eosinophils
○ allergic/ parasitic infections
Eosinophils
Eosinophils %
1-3%
basophils %
0.5-1%
Blue-black granules
basophils
Not true cell; smallest
Thrombocytes
Not separated or clotted
★ Placed in a tube with an anticoagulant
★ If left undisturbed, formed elements will
settle at the bottom
Whole Blood
★ Not clotted but separated through
centrifugation
★ Placed in a tube with an anticoagulant &
centrifuged
plasma
With fibrinogen & clotting factors
plasma
Clotted (30-60 min) & separated through
centrifugation
serum
Without fibrinogen & clotting factors
serum
ex test of plasma and serum
STAT chem; immunology tes
★ Ability of the body to stop the bleeding
following the vascular injury
★ Arrest or stoppage of bleeding
★ Stop blood loss
★ Interaction of endothelial cells,platelets,
other blood cell, plasma proteins,
calcium and coagulation
Hemostasis
A process to achieve hemostasis
Coagulation
Middle of the arm and in front
of the elbow
Antecubital fossa
a Most Prominent Vein is..
Well fixed
○ Not overlying a pulse (artery
and nerve)
★ Not the same pattern
★ Brachial artery
★ Nerves
★ Check median and MCV before
considering other AC veins
2 patterns of vein
H (left arm 70%)
M (right arm 30%)
M pattern has __ veins
5
Caution: veins on the ____ should
not be used
lateral wrist above the thumb
Capillary blood contains tissue fluid such as
interstitial and cellular
difference between plasma and serum
plasma has fibrinogen and serum does not
Fibrinogen -____
b. Globulins - _____
c. Albumin_____
aids in clotting
fight foreign invaders
(antibodies)
- most abundant, assist
in regulating BP
Normal count of wbc and platelets and rbc
Wbc - 5000-10000
Rbc- 4-5m/cmm
Platelet- 150000-400000
