blood collection equipment lec Flashcards
primary duty of the phlebotomist
collect blood specimens for laboratory testing.
Blood is collected by several methods, including
arterial puncture, capillary puncture, and venipuncture.
Also known as the phlebotomy area section
BLOOD-DRAWING STATION
blood drawing station is near the
reception area
Where patients who have their blood drawn are seated
PHLEBOTOMY CHAIRS
TWO TYPES OF PHLEBOTOMY CHAIRS
Chair with adjustable arms and hydraulic height adjustment
Reclinable chair
handheld carriers is also known as
Also known as phlebotomy equipment carriers or trays
They are convenient for STAT or emergency situations or when relatively few patients need blood work
HANDHELD CARRIERS
Found in the phlebotomy area and has different shelves. Don’t forget to replenish the materials
PHLEBOTOMY CARTS
PHLEBOTOMY CARTS are made of
stainless steel or strong synthetic material
Used to prevent sepsis, which is the essence of microorganisms or their toxic products within the bloodstream
ANTISEPTICS
The antiseptic most commonly used for routine blood collection is
70% isopropyl alcohol
Substances or solutions regulated by the ____ that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); DISINFECTANT
dilution for small and large spills
1:100 dilution - for small spills/ nonporous
1:10 dilution - for large spills
10 MINUTES CONTACT TIME FOR BLEACH BASED
Alcohol based sanitizers for routine decontamination of hands as a substitute for handwashing provided hat the hands are not visibly soiled
HAND SANITIZERS
All must be clearly marked with a biohazard symbol and be rigid, puncture resistant, leakproof, disposable, and have locking lids to seal the contents when filled to the appropriate volume.
NEEDLE AND SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS
color of NEEDLE AND SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS
red or yellow
leakproofplasticbagsthat are commonly used to transport blood and
other specimens from the collection site to the laboratory.
BIOHAZARD BAGS
Bringing samples to another laboratory
to do the request test because it is not available in the lab. We place the sample in the hazard container.
Send out
Many healthcare facilities use barcode technology to identify patients.
PATIENT IDENTIFICATION EQUIPMENT
Most common way of identifying patient here in the Philippines is through ___
asking verbally
lthough they are optional and tend to be expensive, there are portable devices on the market that use ______ to make it easier to locate veins that are difficult to see or feel.
transillumination; vein locating devices
adevicethatisappliedortied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture to compress the veins and restrict blood flow.
TOURNIQUET
what does torniquet does to the veins
Restriction of venous flow distends or inflates the veins,
Longer application of tourniquet can cause
hemolysis
Aneedle’sdiameterandgaugehavean inverse (opposite) relationship; that is,
the
higher the gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the needle.
attached to collection bag; Collection of donor units, autologous blood donation, and therapeutic phlebotom
gauge 15-17
Sometimes used when large-volume tubes are collected, or large-volume syringes are used on patients with normal-size veins
gauge 20
Considered the standard venipuncture needle or
routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection
Color Green
gauge 21 mutisample needle
gauge 21 hypodermic needle
Used on older children and adult patients with small veins or
for syringe draws on difficult veins
Color Black
Gauge 22 multisample needle
Gauge 22 hypodermic needle
Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult or hand veins of adults
Color Blue
Gauge 23 blood collection set
Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult hand veins of adults
Gauge 25 blood collection set
It is a closed system of blood collection
evacuated tube system
Three basic components of ETS:
a special blood-drawing needle, a tube holder, and evacuated tubes.
ETSneedlesare called ___ because they allow multiple tubes of blood to be collected during a single venipuncture.
multisample needles
aclear,plastic,disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one
end (often also called a hub) where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where the collection tube is placed.
tube holder
Used with both the ETS and the syringe method of obtaining blood specimens.
evacuated tubes
Tube selection is based on
age of the patient
amount of blood to be drawn
blood needed for the test
condition of the patient’s vein
Manufacturersguaranteereliabilityofadditives and tube vacuum until an expiration date is printed on the label provided the tubes are handled properly and stored between ____
4° and 25°C.; expiration dates
Usedforpatientswithsmallordifficultveins. Must be easier to search for the vein.
SYRINGE SYSTEM
SYRINGE SYSTEM consistsofasterilesyringeneedle called a ____ and a sterile plastic syringe with a ____
hypodermic needle; Luer-lock tip
ANTICOAGULANTS
EDTA, OXALATE, HEPARIN, CITRATE
Substancesthatpreventbloodfromclotting (coagulating; coz we want the whole blood) by either of two methods:
ANTICOAGULANT
2 METHODS OF ANTICOAGULANT
a. by binding (chelating), or precipitating calcium so it is unavailable to the coagulation process
b. by inhibiting the formation of thrombin needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation process.
Don’t forget to invert the tube immediately after filling it up with a sample. Do not shake because it will be ___
hemolyzed
Most common. Used for hematology test, blood
count, and blood smear
EDTA
ENUMERATE INFO FOR EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
● Most common. Used for hematology test, blood
count, and blood smear
● Remove calcium from the blood by binding it to form an insoluble salt.
● This makes calcium ions unavailable for the coagulation process so the blood in the tube is prevented from clotting.
The most common citrateis
SODIUM CITRATE
CITRATES is used for
oagulationtests:ProthrombinTime
(PT), Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Preventsclottingbyinhibitingthrombin(an enzyme needed to convert fibrinogen into the fibrin necessary for clot formation) and factor X.
Heparin
Heparinizedspecimensmustbemixed immediately upon collection to prevent _____
prevent clot formation and fibrin generation.
remove calcium and prevent clotting by binding and precipitating calcium in the form of an insoluble salt.
oxalate
the most widely used oxalate.
potassium oxalate
It is commonly added to tubes containing glucose preservatives to provide plasma for glucose testing. (Color Gray)
oxalates
SPECIAL USE ANTICOAGULANTS
acid citrate dextrose
citrate phosphate dextrose
sodium polyanethol sulfonate
for immunohematology tests such as DNA testing and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping
ACID CITRATE DEXTROSE (ACD)
used in collecting units of blood for transfusion/blood donation
CITRATE PHOSPHATE DEXTROSE (CPD)
used for blood culture collection because in addition to being an anticoagulant, it reduces the action of a protein called complement that destroys bacteria
SODIUM POLYANETHOL SULFONATE (SPS)
A substance that prevents glycolysis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells.
antiglycolytic agent
The most common antiglycolytic agent is
sodium fluoride
Sodium fluoride is commonly used in combination with the anticoagulant ____
potassium oxalate or EDTA to provide a plasma specimen
A substance that enhances/speeds up coagulation in tubes used to collect serum specimens.
CLOT ACTIVATORS
are the clot activators in serum-separator tubes (SSTs) and plastic red-top tubes.
Silica
normally clots within five minutes.
Rapid Serum TubeTM (RST)
We need to wait for a sample to clot before we centrifuge it to collect the serum or otherwise the specimen will be ____
hemolyzed.
why do we need order of draw?
To prevent contamination of blood specimens by carryover of additives that can interfere with some tests
order of draw
yellow(sodium polyanethol sulfonate)
light blue (citrate)
Red (no additive0
Yellow (serum separator tube/ acid citrate dextrose)
Min green (Plasma- sperator tube, plasma chem test)
Green (heparin, plasma chem test)
Lavender (EDTA, hema tests)
Gray (oxalate, glucose testing blood alcohol levels)
Antiglycolytic agent serum vs plasma
If serum, sodium fluoride alone, if plasma sodium fluroride with EDTA or potassium oxalate
who requires gloves in the practice of phelbotomy
CDC-HICPAC-OSHA
Dapat sa hallway lng ang phlebotomy carts
yes kc para di macontaminate
examples of gloves
nitrile , non sterile, neoprene
LATEX IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE OF ALLERGIES
MOST RECOMMENEDED GLOVES
nitrile– dapat hindi sobrang kapal ng gloves kc dimo mararamdaman ung vein, di rin pede sobrang nipis kc walang protection
used by individuals who have allergies sa gloves/ contact dermatitis
glove liners
antiseptic came from the greek word
anti meaning against
septikos meaning putrefactive or infection/ bacteria/ to cause decay
commonly used antispetic
povidone- iodine swabs or sponge pads
HOW TO USE HAND SANITIZERS
alcohol based hand sanitizers is for replacement of routine handwashing
if di available handwashing tas need n tlga, detergent containing wipes then followed by alchol based cleansers
Gauze pads or cotton balls?
Use of cotton balls is not recommended kc it might stick sa site, dapat gauze pad
once sharp containers is full where do you dispose it?
biohazardous waste
Venipuncture equipments
Needles, Vein locating devices, torniquet
the end that attaches to the blood collection; intenral space of the needle
hub; lumen
