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PMLS 2 > blood collection equipment lec > Flashcards

blood collection equipment lec Flashcards

1
Q

primary duty of the phlebotomist

A

collect blood specimens for laboratory testing.

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2
Q

Blood is collected by several methods, including

A

arterial puncture, capillary puncture, and venipuncture.

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3
Q

Also known as the phlebotomy area section

A

BLOOD-DRAWING STATION

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4
Q

blood drawing station is near the

A

reception area

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5
Q

Where patients who have their blood drawn are seated

A

PHLEBOTOMY CHAIRS

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6
Q

TWO TYPES OF PHLEBOTOMY CHAIRS

A

Chair with adjustable arms and hydraulic height adjustment

Reclinable chair

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7
Q

handheld carriers is also known as

A

Also known as phlebotomy equipment carriers or trays

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8
Q

They are convenient for STAT or emergency situations or when relatively few patients need blood work

A

HANDHELD CARRIERS

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9
Q

Found in the phlebotomy area and has different shelves. Don’t forget to replenish the materials

A

PHLEBOTOMY CARTS

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10
Q

PHLEBOTOMY CARTS are made of

A

stainless steel or strong synthetic material

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11
Q

Used to prevent sepsis, which is the essence of microorganisms or their toxic products within the bloodstream

A

ANTISEPTICS

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12
Q

The antiseptic most commonly used for routine blood collection is

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

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13
Q

Substances or solutions regulated by the ____ that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); DISINFECTANT

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14
Q

dilution for small and large spills

A

1:100 dilution - for small spills/ nonporous
1:10 dilution - for large spills

10 MINUTES CONTACT TIME FOR BLEACH BASED

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15
Q

Alcohol based sanitizers for routine decontamination of hands as a substitute for handwashing provided hat the hands are not visibly soiled

A

HAND SANITIZERS

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16
Q

All must be clearly marked with a biohazard symbol and be rigid, puncture resistant, leakproof, disposable, and have locking lids to seal the contents when filled to the appropriate volume.

A

NEEDLE AND SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS

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17
Q

color of NEEDLE AND SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS

A

red or yellow

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18
Q

leakproofplasticbagsthat are commonly used to transport blood and
other specimens from the collection site to the laboratory.

A

BIOHAZARD BAGS

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19
Q

Bringing samples to another laboratory
to do the request test because it is not available in the lab. We place the sample in the hazard container.

A

Send out

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20
Q

Many healthcare facilities use barcode technology to identify patients.

A

PATIENT IDENTIFICATION EQUIPMENT

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21
Q

Most common way of identifying patient here in the Philippines is through ___

A

asking verbally

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22
Q

lthough they are optional and tend to be expensive, there are portable devices on the market that use ______ to make it easier to locate veins that are difficult to see or feel.

A

transillumination; vein locating devices

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23
Q

adevicethatisappliedortied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture to compress the veins and restrict blood flow.

A

TOURNIQUET

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24
Q

what does torniquet does to the veins

A

Restriction of venous flow distends or inflates the veins,

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25
Q

Longer application of tourniquet can cause

A

hemolysis

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26
Q

Aneedle’sdiameterandgaugehavean inverse (opposite) relationship; that is,

A

the
higher the gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the needle.

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27
Q

attached to collection bag; Collection of donor units, autologous blood donation, and therapeutic phlebotom

A

gauge 15-17

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28
Q

Sometimes used when large-volume tubes are collected, or large-volume syringes are used on patients with normal-size veins

A

gauge 20

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29
Q

Considered the standard venipuncture needle or

routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection

Color Green

A

gauge 21 mutisample needle

gauge 21 hypodermic needle

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30
Q

Used on older children and adult patients with small veins or

for syringe draws on difficult veins

Color Black

A

Gauge 22 multisample needle

Gauge 22 hypodermic needle

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31
Q

Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult or hand veins of adults

Color Blue

A

Gauge 23 blood collection set

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32
Q

Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult hand veins of adults

A

Gauge 25 blood collection set

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33
Q

It is a closed system of blood collection

A

evacuated tube system

34
Q

Three basic components of ETS:

A

a special blood-drawing needle, a tube holder, and evacuated tubes.

35
Q

ETSneedlesare called ___ because they allow multiple tubes of blood to be collected during a single venipuncture.

A

multisample needles

36
Q

aclear,plastic,disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one
end (often also called a hub) where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where the collection tube is placed.

A

tube holder

37
Q

Used with both the ETS and the syringe method of obtaining blood specimens.

A

evacuated tubes

38
Q

Tube selection is based on

A

age of the patient
amount of blood to be drawn
blood needed for the test
condition of the patient’s vein

39
Q

Manufacturersguaranteereliabilityofadditives and tube vacuum until an expiration date is printed on the label provided the tubes are handled properly and stored between ____

A

4° and 25°C.; expiration dates

40
Q

Usedforpatientswithsmallordifficultveins. Must be easier to search for the vein.

A

SYRINGE SYSTEM

41
Q

SYRINGE SYSTEM consistsofasterilesyringeneedle called a ____ and a sterile plastic syringe with a ____

A

hypodermic needle; Luer-lock tip

42
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS

A

EDTA, OXALATE, HEPARIN, CITRATE

43
Q

Substancesthatpreventbloodfromclotting (coagulating; coz we want the whole blood) by either of two methods:

A

ANTICOAGULANT

44
Q

2 METHODS OF ANTICOAGULANT

A

a. by binding (chelating), or precipitating calcium so it is unavailable to the coagulation process
b. by inhibiting the formation of thrombin needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation process.

45
Q

Don’t forget to invert the tube immediately after filling it up with a sample. Do not shake because it will be ___

A

hemolyzed

46
Q

Most common. Used for hematology test, blood
count, and blood smear

A

EDTA

47
Q

ENUMERATE INFO FOR EDTA

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

● Most common. Used for hematology test, blood
count, and blood smear

● Remove calcium from the blood by binding it to form an insoluble salt.
● This makes calcium ions unavailable for the coagulation process so the blood in the tube is prevented from clotting.

48
Q

The most common citrateis

A

SODIUM CITRATE

49
Q

CITRATES is used for

A

oagulationtests:ProthrombinTime
(PT), Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

50
Q

Preventsclottingbyinhibitingthrombin(an enzyme needed to convert fibrinogen into the fibrin necessary for clot formation) and factor X.

A

Heparin

51
Q

Heparinizedspecimensmustbemixed immediately upon collection to prevent _____

A

prevent clot formation and fibrin generation.

52
Q

remove calcium and prevent clotting by binding and precipitating calcium in the form of an insoluble salt.

A

oxalate

53
Q

the most widely used oxalate.

A

potassium oxalate

54
Q

It is commonly added to tubes containing glucose preservatives to provide plasma for glucose testing. (Color Gray)

A

oxalates

55
Q

SPECIAL USE ANTICOAGULANTS

A

acid citrate dextrose
citrate phosphate dextrose
sodium polyanethol sulfonate

56
Q

for immunohematology tests such as DNA testing and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping

A

ACID CITRATE DEXTROSE (ACD)

57
Q

used in collecting units of blood for transfusion/blood donation

A

CITRATE PHOSPHATE DEXTROSE (CPD)

58
Q

used for blood culture collection because in addition to being an anticoagulant, it reduces the action of a protein called complement that destroys bacteria

A

SODIUM POLYANETHOL SULFONATE (SPS)

59
Q

A substance that prevents glycolysis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells.

A

antiglycolytic agent

60
Q

The most common antiglycolytic agent is

A

sodium fluoride

61
Q

Sodium fluoride is commonly used in combination with the anticoagulant ____

A

potassium oxalate or EDTA to provide a plasma specimen

62
Q

A substance that enhances/speeds up coagulation in tubes used to collect serum specimens.

A

CLOT ACTIVATORS

63
Q

are the clot activators in serum-separator tubes (SSTs) and plastic red-top tubes.

A

Silica

64
Q

normally clots within five minutes.

A

Rapid Serum TubeTM (RST)

65
Q

We need to wait for a sample to clot before we centrifuge it to collect the serum or otherwise the specimen will be ____

A

hemolyzed.

66
Q

why do we need order of draw?

A

To prevent contamination of blood specimens by carryover of additives that can interfere with some tests

67
Q

order of draw

A

yellow(sodium polyanethol sulfonate)

light blue (citrate)

Red (no additive0

Yellow (serum separator tube/ acid citrate dextrose)

Min green (Plasma- sperator tube, plasma chem test)

Green (heparin, plasma chem test)

Lavender (EDTA, hema tests)

Gray (oxalate, glucose testing blood alcohol levels)

68
Q

Antiglycolytic agent serum vs plasma

A

If serum, sodium fluoride alone, if plasma sodium fluroride with EDTA or potassium oxalate

69
Q

who requires gloves in the practice of phelbotomy

A

CDC-HICPAC-OSHA

70
Q

Dapat sa hallway lng ang phlebotomy carts

A

yes kc para di macontaminate

71
Q

examples of gloves

A

nitrile , non sterile, neoprene

LATEX IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE OF ALLERGIES

72
Q

MOST RECOMMENEDED GLOVES

A

nitrile– dapat hindi sobrang kapal ng gloves kc dimo mararamdaman ung vein, di rin pede sobrang nipis kc walang protection

73
Q

used by individuals who have allergies sa gloves/ contact dermatitis

A

glove liners

74
Q

antiseptic came from the greek word

A

anti meaning against

septikos meaning putrefactive or infection/ bacteria/ to cause decay

75
Q

commonly used antispetic

A

povidone- iodine swabs or sponge pads

76
Q

HOW TO USE HAND SANITIZERS

A

alcohol based hand sanitizers is for replacement of routine handwashing

if di available handwashing tas need n tlga, detergent containing wipes then followed by alchol based cleansers

77
Q

Gauze pads or cotton balls?

A

Use of cotton balls is not recommended kc it might stick sa site, dapat gauze pad

78
Q

once sharp containers is full where do you dispose it?

A

biohazardous waste

79
Q

Venipuncture equipments

A

Needles, Vein locating devices, torniquet

80
Q

the end that attaches to the blood collection; intenral space of the needle

A

hub; lumen

PMLS 2 (6 decks)

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