Infection Control Flashcards
Direct Contact
Lesions, saliva, blood, fluids
Indirect Contact
Contaminated items w patients mo’s- surfaces, hands, sharps
Droplet Infection
[splatter] large particle droplet (50ùg+) mo’s directly into body vi skin, membranes, eyes, nose,mouth
Airborne infection
Small particles (<50ùg) can be INHALED
Major source of disease in dental office:
Patients mouth!
OPIM
[other potentially infectious materials]
semen, vaginal secretions, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid
Chain of Disease Transmission
Infectious Agent > Reservoirs > Port of exit > Transmission > Port of entry > Susceptible host
Infectious Agent
Bacteria, fungi, virus, Protozoa, rickettsiae
Reservoirs
People, equipment, instruments, water (tubing)
Port of Exit
Secretions: saliva, blood
Skin and mucus membranes
Droplets
Transmission
Direct contact, indirect contact (finite/vector), airborne
Port of Entry
Mucus membrane, GI tract, respiratory tract, broken skin, eyes
Susceptible Host
Immunocompromised, elderly, medically compromised
Sterilization
Destruction of ALL microbial forms
Disinfection
Inhibition of some pathogenic organisms (excluding spirea) INANIMATE OBJECTS
Antiseptic
Inhibition of some pathogenic organisms (excluding spores) on LIVING TISSUE
Sanitation
[cleaning] removal of visible contaminants from a surface
Bacteriocidal
Kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Stops growth of bacterial
Virucidal
Kills viruses
Pathogens
Mo’s capable of causing disease in host
Infectious disease
MO in body causing damage to tissue
Disinfectant Wipes routine
Wipe, discard, wipe, wait
CDC Published Basic Guideline for Infection Control:
“Do not disinfect when you can sterilize!”
DHY110 Cleaning/Disinfecting chemical :
ADVANTA CLEAR
DHY110 chair cleaner:
1oz Maxiclense Soap (4%chlorhexidine gluconate) to 15oz water
Enzymatic Cleaner:
Used to flush HVE, retrieved from SnS, empties daily
Ultrasonic
16min cycle to remove debris, prior to sterilization in autoclave
Autoclave
15-30min
250F/121C
Types of Waste
- Regulated - infectious medical waste (blood, needles) requires special handling
- Unregulated
Eye Wash
Bottles unacceptable! Need station
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Standards to protect the EMPLOYEE
Engineering Controls
Devices that reduce exposure- Sharps or HVE
Work Place Controls
Techniques to reduce exposure- Safe needle handling, restricted activities in work areas (eating/drinking)
OSHA- Employers must provide:
Written hazard communication program
SDS for chemicals
Labeled chemical containers
Employee training
OSHA- Exposure Control Plan:
Written document to prevent cross-contamination: exposure determination, schedule of implementation, evaluation of exposure incidents, use of safety devices
OSAP
Organization for Safety, Asepsis, and Prevention
Infection control education organization for dentistry
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
*all chemicals must be registered and labeled
Patient Pre-Rinse
Limit microbes in mouth
Standard Precaution:
Treat everyone as if their infectious
Modes of Infectious Disease Transmission
Indirect Contact
Direct Contact
Droplets
Airborne
