Infection Control Flashcards
What are the 3 transmissions of wound contamination?
- Direct contamination
- Airborne contamination
- Self-contamination
When should you use precautions with bodily fluid, and what precautions would you use?
- No bodily fluid - no precautions
- Small contact with bodily fluid - gloves and apron
- Large contact with bodily fluid - gloves, apron and googles
What does Asepsis mean?
To be free from living pathogenic organisms
When are aseptic techniques used?
Used when there is a possibility of micro-organisms going into the patients body
What does ANTT stand for?
Aseptic non-touch technique
Give five examples of ANTT
- Aseptic dressing technique
- Catheterisation
- Cannulation
- Injections
- IV infusion
Give three aseptic dressing techniques
- Maintain asepsis
- Expose the wound for minimal amount of time
- Use efficient techniques
What is a aseptic field?
A designated aseptic working space which protects equipment
What is a critical aseptic field?
A aseptic field using a dressing pack, where only the key parts of the pack come into contact of the field
What is a general genetic field?
It promotes asepsis rather than ensuring it, by using a clean tray and trolly
What does key-site mean?
The wound or insertion
When doing a ANTT, what should you ensure the equipment should not do?
The part of the equipment that comes into contact with the patient must not be touched, to reduce cross-contamination
How do you prepare the patient and the nurse for an ANTT? (6)
- Clean area
- Correct bed height
- Close curtains
- Wash and dry hands
- Clean uniform, hair tied back, no jewellery
- No coughing or breathing over the wound
What does HCAI stand for?
Healthcare associated infection
What colour bag does clinical and non-comical waste go into?
Clinical = orange Rubbish = black
When should you wash your hands?
When there is physical contamination (bodily fluids on skin)
When should you use alcohol based rubs?
When your hands are socially clean
When should a nurse wear gloves?
When coming into contact with bodily fluids
When should a nurse wear a mask?
When there is an airborne infection
What 4 ways can you reduce infection?
- Protective clothing
- Good hygiene
- Washing hands
- Correctly disposing of clinical waste
What is the MRSA policy?
- Screening patients on admission with sterile swabs
- Isolation if MRSA is detected
What are 4 sites of infection? And there percentages
Urinary = 23% Lungs = 22% Wound = 9% Blood = 6%
What are 7 routes of transmission of infection?
Direct = hand contact Indirect = equipment Parenteral = blood Waterborne = legionella Vector = animals Sexual activity = unprotected sex Airborne = dust and coughing
What does HAI mean?
Hospital acquired infection
To reduce the risk of infection, staff should…? (4)
- Be fit and healthy
- Have good immunity
- Be correctly trained
- Wear protective clothing
What does immunocompromised mean?
Having a weak immune system
What 4 types of people are more vulnerable to infection?
- Elderly (poorer immunity)
- Very young people (not fully development immune system)
- Someone on long term antibiotics (can become immune)
- Someone who is immunocompromised
What is the aim of infection control?
To prevent and reduce nosocomial and nosohusial
What does nosohusial mean?
An infection from the community
What does nosocomial mean?
An infection from hospital
What is the MRSA swab technique?
- Wash hands
- Mark swab packet with swab site indicator
- Put gloves on
- Open packet for nose and withdraw swab
- Put swab into the nostril and twist, repeat in other nostril
- Put the swab back into the tub
- Remove swab for throat and swab the back of the throat below the tonsils
- Swab the perineum
- Remove gloves and wash hands
- Label swabs
- Place swabs into bag
- Put pathology request in the bag and put it in the collection area
Where is the perineum?
Between the anus and the external genitalia
How do you carry out a urinalysis?
- Check enquiry date
- Remove testing stick
- Dip into urine
- Note time
- Read results
- Discard stick and clean jug
What is specific gravity?
The density of the urine
What is found on a urinary test bottle? (8)
Specific gravity - SG pH PRO - protein GLU - glucose KET - ketones BLO - blood BIL - bilirubin NIT - nitrates LEU - leukocytes
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells
Where does urine come from?
Secreted by the kidneys - urination
Where does urine leave the body?
Through the uretha
What is a pathogen?
A disease - producing organism
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
What is the aseptic dressing technique?
1) Check care plan for how often the dressing should be changed, and what dressing is required
2) Clean the trolley, working downwards
3) Gather equipment and place on the bottom of the trolly
4) Open dressing pack and squeeze onto the top of the trolly
5) Using your finger tips, and only touching the corners, open the dressing pack - this is the aseptic field
6) Pinch the clinical waste bag in the centre and place your hand inside
7) Using the gloved hand, remove the equipment out of the dressing pack
8) Turn the clinical waste bag inside out and attach the bag to the side of the trolly, closest to the patient
9) Drop the syringe and dressing onto the aseptic field (if your pack does not have sterile gloves put them on top as-well)
10) Open the cleansing solution and pour into the tray
11) Put on non-sterile gloves and remove dressing and put into clinical waste bag with gloves
11) Put on sterile gloves
13) Open the dressing towel and place under the patients arm
14) Draw up some of the solution with the syringe
15) Holding the syringe in your dominant hand, and the tissue in the other hand, irrigate the wound
16) Using tissues, clean around the wound, not touching the wound, and cleaning in one direction
17) Once the skin is dry, put on the new dressing
18) Remove dressing towel (and anything else)and put onto the aseptic field, and put all into the clinical waste bag, including gloves
What equipment do you need for a aseptic dressing technique?
- Dressing pack
- Non-sterile gloves
- Sterile gloves
- Syringe
- New dressing
- Alcohol Hand rub
- Cleansing solution
