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Yr1 HS1011 > Medicine Mangement > Flashcards

Medicine Mangement Flashcards

1
Q

What four reasons why drugs are administered by injection?

A
  • Rapid action is required
  • When a drug is not absorbed by the gastro-intestinal tract
  • If the patient is unable to take oral form
  • If oral form is unavailable
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2
Q

Routes of Injection:

What is…

  • Intradermal
  • Subcutaneous (SC)
  • Intramuscular (IM)
  • Intravenous
  • Intrathecal
  • Intra articular
  • Intra pleural
A
  • Just under the skin
  • Into the fat tissue under the skin (used when the drug needs to be absorbed slowly)
  • Into the muscle (used when the drug needs to be absorbed quickly, between 15 and 20 minutes)
  • Into the vein
  • Into cerebral spinal fluid
  • Into the joints
  • Into the pleural space
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3
Q

What are the two most common routes of injection?

A

Subcutaneous

Intramuscular

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4
Q

What 4 risk are there when administrating subcutaneous and intramuscular drugs?

A
  • Infection
  • Leakage of injection fluid
  • Pain and tissue trauma
  • Overdose of medication
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5
Q

What needle size is used for an IM injection?

A

For adults, 21g (green)

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6
Q

What size needle is used for SC injections?

A

For adults 25g (orange)

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7
Q

What are 4 reasons for IV infusions?

A
  • Correct dehydration
  • Correct blood loss
  • Correct electrolyte imbalance
  • Replace specific blood components
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8
Q

What are the 6 rights?

A 
Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documents
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9
Q 
What are the 7 routes of medicine administration?
Parental...
Rectal...
Inhalation...
Topical...
Ear....
Nasal...
Vaginal...
A 
Parenteral - injection
Rectal - absorbed via the rectal mucosa
Inhalation - absorbed via the respiratory system
Topical - absorbed via the skin
Ear and eye drops
Nasal - sniffed through mucosa
Vaginal - absorbed via the vagina
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10
Q

What does the misuse of drugs act do?

A

Dictates precautions that should be taken with drugs that have addicted properties

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11
Q

What 3 ways can medicine be sold and supplied?

A

Prescription from authorised practitioner

Non-prescription sold by a pharmacy under the control of a pharmacist

General sale list (GSL) sold in general retail outlets with no supervision

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12
Q

What year was the misuse of drugs act and legislation?

A

Act - 1971

Legislation - 2001

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13
Q

What year was the humans medicines regulation?

A

2012

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14
Q

What does therapeutics mean?

A

To treat disease e.g. antibiotics

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15
Q

What does prophylaxis mean?

A

To prevent disease e.g. vaccination

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16
Q

How can a student nurse administer medication? What must they never administer?

A

Under the direct supervision of a registered nurse, who counter signs the documents

Intravenous drugs

17
Q

How many macrodrops in a…

Blood giving set?
Standard giving set?
Paediatric/ micro brunette giving set?

A

15
20
60

18
Q

How many microdrops in a macrodrops

A

60

19
Q

How do you calculate the ml of IV fluid per hour?

E.g. 1 litre of dextrose over 8 hours

A

Prescription of volume (ml)/ time (hours) = ml per hours

1000/8 = 125ml per hour

20
Q

When doing long decision which number goes on the outside of the division house?

A

The bottom number, the number you are dividing by

21
Q

How do you move up and down the chain?

Kilogram
Gram
Milligram
Micrograms

A

Divided by 1000 to go up

Times by 1000 to go down

22
Q

How do you work out the volume of liquid to give?

E.g. 60mg has been prescribed. 80mg of liquid in 2ml

A

What is prescribed/ the dose i have x the amount of liquid i have

E.g. 60/80 = 1.25
1.25 x 2 = 2.5ml

23
Q

How do you work out the number of tablets to give?

E.g. 20mg prescribed with 4mg tablets

A

What is prescribed/ the dose i have

E.g. 20/4 = 5 tablets

24
Q

How many grams in a kilogram?

A

1000

25
Q

Which is the biggest gram, micrograms, kilogram or milligram? Which is the smallest?

A 
Kilogram = biggest 
Micrograms = smallest
26
Q

How do you calculate the IV flow rate?

E.g. 1 litre of normal saline is charted over 9 hours. The drop factor is 15. Calculate the number of drops per minute

A

Ml of liquid / minutes x drop rate

E.g. 1000/ 540 x 15 = 28 drops per minute

27
Q

When should you clean the skin before an injection?

A

If the skin is visibly dirty

28
Q

How do you do a subcutaneous injection?

A

1) Put on non-sterile gloves after hand hygiene
2) Pick up syringe and remove the needle guard
3) Pinch the skin, hold the syringe like a dart, and go into the skin at 90 degrees
4) discard the needle immediately

29
Q

Where is a SC injection?

A

Into the subcutaneous tissue

30
Q

What are 3 common sites for SC injections?

A

1) Lateral aspects of the upper arm
2) Anterior aspects of the thighs
3) Abdomen

31
Q

Where are the two main sites IM injections occur?

A

1) Ventroguteal

2) Lateral aspect of the vastus lateralis

32
Q

How do you give a Intramuscular injection?

A

1) Put on non-sterile gloves
2) Pick up the syringe like a dart, allow the needle cover to fall into the tray
3) Stretch skin between fingers
4) Insert needle at 90 degrees
5) Using your non-dominant hold the bottom of the needle
6) Slowly insert the medicine
7) Wait 10 seconds then move the needle
8) Discard the needle immediately

33
Q

What colour needle do you use for drawing up medicine?

A

Red - because it is blunt

Yr1 HS1011 (7 decks)

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