Infection Control

Question 1

Colonization vs infection

Answer 1

Colonisation is present of microorganism in body with growth & multi of organism, but no interaction between host & organism & no clinical s/s

Question 2

Infection

Answer 2

Microorganism invade in to body & multiply in body causing s/s

Question 3

Stage of infection

Answer 3

Incubation period
Prodromal stage
Full stage of illness
Convalescent period

Question 4

Chain of infection

Answer 4

1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
   3 portal of exit
3. Mode of transmissions
4. Portal of entry
5. Susceptible h9st

Question 5

Infectious agent
E.g. bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Parasite

Question 6

Herd immunity

Answer 6

Contagiouos disease spread in not immunized society

Question 7

Fungi

Answer 7

Many resistant to treatment

Question 8

Reservoir
E.g. people, water

Question 9

Mode of transmission

Answer 9

Contact transmission
Droplet transmission
Indirect transmission
1. Airborne
2. Vector borne
3. Vehicle borne

Question 10

Portal of entry

Answer 10

Ears
Mouth
Broken skin
Insect bite
Placenta
Vagina
Urethra
Anus

Question 11

Factors affecting susceptability

Answer 11

Age
Immune system
Fatigue
Stress level

Question 12

Factors increasing susceptibility to infection

Answer 12

Presence of preexisting illness

Radiation therapy: kill mai normal cell

Use of invasive device-create source for pathogen

Question 13

Standard precaution

Answer 13

Hand hygiene
Use of personal protective devices
Respiratory hygiene
Prevention of blood and body fluid exposure
Environmental hygiene
Disinfection of used equipment
Wastes Management
Linen Management

Question 14

Different cleansing agent

Answer 14

Alcohol soap- MRSA, VRE

Antimicrobial soap- c. Diff, norovirus

Question 15

Prevention of sharp injury

Answer 15

1. Do not hand pass exposed sharp
2. Contaminated sharp shd not be recapped
3. Sharp box x 3/4 full

Question 16

Environment disinfection (漂白水

Answer 16

1:4 diluted bleach blood stained contamination

1:49 for routine environmental disninfection

Stainless steel use 70% alcohol

Question 17

contact precaution

Answer 17

Hh
Wear glove & gown during care f patients
with suspected infections
Single room or gather similar symptoms patient

Question 18

Droplet precaution- wear mask

Question 19

Airborne precaution

Answer 19

N95
Negative pressure room isolation
Minimize patient transport

Question 20

Hospital acquired infection / prevention

E.g. surgical site infection
Catheter associated urinary tract infection

Question 21

Operation infection control

Answer 21

Maintain 20 air change in operation room every hour

Restrict number of ppl allowed

Use sterile operation equipment

Use aseptic technique

Question 23

Prevention of Catheter induced blood stream infection

Answer 23

1. Hh before insertion, dressing or palpation
2. Use aseptic technique
3. Cover site with dressing
4. Change catheter every 3-4 days
   Change IV fluid every 4 days
5. Disinfect IV port with 70% alcohol
6. Remove catheter when not in use

Question 24

Prevention of catheter urinary tract infection

Answer 24

1. Need sin use
2. Remove when no use
3. Remain unobstructed
4. Proper aseptic technique & hh

Question 25

Hospital response level

Answer 25

Alert -no immediate risk Serious -have case -no human to human evidence -no visiting in isolation Emergency -severe infection may widely exist -0 visiting -hospital & clinic need wear mask