AOM

Question 1

Goal

Define key terms related to medications such as drug, medication, prescription,
and outline the drug regulatory system in Hong Kong.
• Classify therapeutic agents and differentiate between chemical, generic, and
trade names of drugs.
• Describe the components of a medication order and accepted abbreviations used
in medication administration.
• Explain the principles of safe drug administration, including the 3 checks, 5 rights,
and nursing process involved.
• Differentiate between different forms of drug preparations (e.g., tablets,
capsules, syrups) and routes of administration (oral, parenteral, etc.).

Question 2

Drug vs med

Answer 2

Drug= have any substance that can alter body function

Med= specifically designed for prevent or cure illness
*must have well defined dosage form

Question 3

Prescription key points

Answer 3

Authority: omly licensed practitioner
Details: 5 rights
Controlled substance: wui addicted geh more restriction & requirements
Prescription: pharmacist ensuring valid
Expiration

Question 4

Classification of control drug

Answer 4

Cat 1: doctor’s prescription e.g. antihyoertensive
Cat 2: no doctor prescription, has to be sold by pharmacist e.g. NSAID
Cat3: no need pharmacist e.g. painkiller

Question 5

Prescription vs OTC

Answer 5

Prescription good: more patient education

OTC risk: unexpected adverse effect

Question 6

Nurse responsibility under DDO

Answer 6

1. Drug administartion
   Must follow DDO regulations
2. Documentation
3. Patient education
4. Reporting

Question 7

DDO e.g. morphine

Question 8

Responsibility of nurse administrating drug

Answer 8

What drug is ordered
• Name (generic and trade) and drug classification
• Intended or proposed use
• Effects on the body
• Contraindications
• Special considerations (e.g. how age, weight and individual pathophysiologic states
affect pharmacotherapeutic response)
• Side effects
• Why the medication has been prescribed for this particular patient
• How the medication is supplied by the pharmacy
• How the medication is to be administered, including dosage ranges
• What nursing process considerations related to the medication apply to this patient

Question 9

Safety in administrating drug

Answer 9

1. Obtain patient’s medical history before
2. Undertsand indication, contraindication, action etc of drug
3. Administrate according to patient’s condition
4. 3 check 5 rights
5. Proper disposal of medicine & equipment

Question 10

Side effect vs adverse effect

Answer 10

Therapeutic or harmful vs undesirable experience
Studied during trial vs didint
Mild vs stronger
Does not affect main treatment vs will

Question 11

Sfaety in admin drug

Answer 11

1. Observe the therapeutic effect & adverse effect of drug
2. Ensure appropriate storage of med
3. Maintain accurate med record
4. Provide patient education
5. Document & report med incident

Question 12

Prevention of medication error

Answer 12

1. Follow 3 check 5 rights
2. Read & check label 3 times
3. Use 2+ patient identifier
4. No interruption
5. Be caution to look alike & sound alike medicine
6. Question unusual doses
7. Document immeidtaely

Question 14

Form of oral drug

Answer 14

enteric coated drug: prevent dissolving in stomach, but in intestine

Extend release tablet prolong releasing therapeutic effect

Lozenges: tablet dissolve in mouth

Elixir: clear liquid form with water / alcohol

Question 15

Syrup vs suspension vs elixir

Answer 15

Dissolved vs undissolved vs dissolved

Supgar aqueous vs aqueos vs water/alcohol

Thick vs cloudy vs clear

Stable vs need shake vs alcohol preserve

Cough syrup vs antacid vs cough syrup

Question 16

Topical drug

Answer 16

Cream
Gel
Ointment
Suppository
Lotion
Spray

Question 17

Route

Answer 17

Oral
Sublingual: under tongue
Buccal: between cheek
Rectal

Question 18

Oral cauction

Answer 18

Not for patient with swaloowing difficulties
NPO
Sit upright to eat
Liquid pour at eye level
Lozenges: alert no chew

Question 19

Pharmacokinetic

Answer 19

Absorption
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 20

Factors affecting drug absorption

Answer 20

Differernt form- liquid faster
Dose: high dose absorb quicker
Route: IV fastest
Drug surface area Size: larger area= faster
Digestive mobility
Blood flow
Drug-drug or food-fiod interaction
Tetracycline+calcium / ion / magnesiumfood= delay absorption, high fat also delay

Question 22

Wafarin 薄血藥interact with food. No chin med
Ginseng

Question 23

Sublingual drug prep:
Last drug to eat
Dont move the pill with tongue, dont eat ir drink
Until dissolved

Question 24

Drug effect
Minimum effective concentration
Therapeutic concentration✅✅
Peak serum drug level
Toxic concentration