Infection Control Flashcards
Discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial/health-associated infection
Infection Control
Presence and multiplication of microorganisms in the tissue of the host, which may/may not have signs/symptoms
Infection
Bacteria frequently found in everyone in specific parts of the body.
Normal flora
Presence of bacteria on a surface without multiplication and damage to the host tissue.
Colonization
Illnesses caused by germs that enter the body, multiply, and can cause an infection.
Infectious disease
Any potential pathogen
Causative agent
Type of microorganism that causes disease
Pathogenic
Type of microorganism that can be potentially pathogenic
Opportunistic
Type of microorganism that is beneficial
Non-pathogenic
One-celled microorganisms that are independent, encapsulated, and can be cocci/bacilli/spirochetes in shape
Bacteria
Most effective procedure to kill bacteria in the shortest amount of time.
High temperature exposure
Microorganisms that can cause many diseases in humans, animals, and plants
Virus
Plants that lack chlorophyll.
Fungus
Most common yeast infection of the oral cavity.
Oral Candidiasis
One-celled organism found in freshwater and saltwater habitats, and in soil, and can cause intestina infections, blood, lungs, liver, or brain.
Protozoa
An opportunistic protozoan infection.
Pneumocystis Carinii
Single-celled to multiple-cell organisms found in fresh/saltwater habitats, and most do not produce human diseases.
Algae
Where the pathogens live.
Reservoir
How the infectious agent leaves its reservoir.
Portal of Exit
Mechanism for transfer of an infectious agent from the reservoir to the susceptible host.
Mode of Transmission
MOT wherein the disease is passed directly from one infected person to another person/animal.
Direct
Direct transmission that can occur anytime an infected person touches/exchanges body fluids with another person.
Person-to-Person
Direct transmission wherein the disease is spread by coughing/sneezing, which can cause the droplets containing the infectious agent to land on nearby people
Droplet
MOT wherein disease is passed from an infected person to another person even without direct contact.
Indirect
Indirect transmission wherein an infectious agent enters the air when an infected person sneezes/laughs/breathes and the agent remains in the air for an extended period of time.
Airborne
Indirect transmission through inanimate objects
Fomites
MOT that required another organism to transmit a disease from person to person or from animal to person.
Vector
Most common vector-borne transmission of disease.
Insect bite
May be mists (fine, stay in the air) or splatter (larger and easily seen) that may contain airborne/bloodborne pathogens
Aerosols
Path which infectious agent enters the susceptible host.
Portal of Entry
A person/animal lacking effective resistance to a particular pathogenic agent.
Susceptible host
What year was the Birth of Infectious Disease Hospitals, when patients with infectious disease process are placed in quarantine?
a. 1910
b. 1867
c. 1877
d. 1977
c. 1877
What year was Barrier Nursing introduced?
a. 1810
b. 1911
c. 1910
d. 1901
c. 1910
The first manual published by the Center for Disease Control in 1970.
Isolation Techniques For Use In Hospitals
What are the 7 isolation categories?
Strict isolation
Respiratory isolation
Protective isolation
Enteric isolation
Wound and skin isolation
Discharge precautions
Blood precautions
What was made due to the HIV epidemic in 1985?
Universal precautions
Isolation of all moist and potentially infectious body substances primarily through the use of gloves, made in 1987.
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
A two-tiered system established in 1991, that includes Standard and Transmission-based precautions.
Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)
Primary strategy for successful nosocomial infection control.
Standard precautions
For patients known/suspected to be infected by epidemiologically important pathogens spread by airborne or droplet transmission, or by contact with dry skin or contaminated muscles.
Transmission-based precautions
Infections originated from a healthcare setting.
Nosocomial infections
What are the 3 major modes of transmission in healthcare setting?
Puncture wounds
Skin contact
Mucous membranes
What are bloodborne pathogens?
Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitic C Virus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
This isolation manual emphasized on the decision making on the use of isolation precautions to reduce costs associated with unnecessary isolation precautions.
1983 CDC Manual
