Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Flashcards
Single-stranded RNA retrovirus that involves the destruction of the immune syatem of the body, making an individual susceptible to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Also known as T-Cells, these are WBCs that fight infection and play an important role in the immune system.
CD4
The HIV attaches itself to CD4 receptors on the surface of the CD4 cell.
Binding
The HIV envelope and CD4 cell membrane fuse, allowing the HIV to enter the CD4 cell
Fusion
Inside CD4 cells, the HIV releases and uses reverse transcriptase to convers HIV RNA to HIV DNA.
Reverse transcription
HIV releases integrase to insert its viral RNA into the cell’s DNA
Integration
HIV begins to use the machinery of the CD4 cell to make long chains of HIV proteins.
Replication
New HIV proteins and HIV RNA move to the cell’s surface and assemble into immature HIV.
Assembly
Newly formed immature HIV pushes itself out if the host CD4 cell.
Budding
The earliest stage of HIV, is very contagious, and has flu-like symptoms.
Acute Infection
Also known as the asymptomatic HIV infection, where the HIV is active by reproduces in low levels.
Chronic Infection
The most severe stage of HIV infection, with a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Phase of HIV infection that may last a decade or longer without medication.
Chronic infection
Infected person diagnosed with this may survive 3 years without treatment.
AIDS
HIV can survive long outside the human body.
False
Diagnostic testing with no name used and results issues only to the test recipient.
Anonymous Testing
Diagnostic testing where the name and other identifying information is recorded with HIV results.
Confidential testing
Expensive and not routinely used for HIV screening, and looks for the actual virus in the blood.
Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT)
Most rapid tests and the only FDA-approved HIV self-test that is considered to be an initial HIV test
Antibody tests
Most common HIV antibody confirmation test to confirm ELISA and rapid HIV test
Western blot
This is a confirmatory test that is more expensive than the Western Blot
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA)
Tests that look for both HIV antibodies and antigens.
Antigen/Antibody Testing
This refers to any HIV treatment that uses a combination of two or more drugs to keep HIV viral count low to undetectable load.
Antiretroviral therapy
Involves taking anti-HIV drugs very soon after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent HIV
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
