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Biology > Infection and Response > Flashcards

Infection and Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

are microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria that cause infectious diseases in animals and plants.

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2
Q

How do pathogens effect the body?

A

They frequently produce toxins that damage tissues and make us feel ill.

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3
Q

How does the vaccination help us?

A

Protects us from pathogens affecting our body

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4
Q

Explain in detail what pathogens are?

A

are microorganisms that cause infectious disease.

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5
Q

What are the 4 different disease pathogens can be?

A

Viruses, bacteria, protease and fungi

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6
Q

What can pathogens be spread by?

A

Air, water or direct contact

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7
Q

What disease reproduces rapidly inside the body.

A

Virus and infections

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8
Q

How does bacteria damage the body?

A

Produce toxins that damage tissue and make us feel Ill

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9
Q

How does viruses damage the body?

A

They live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage.

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10
Q

Measles symptoms

A

A red skin rash

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11
Q

How to prevent measles?

A

Getting vaccinated at a young age

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12
Q

How is the measles virus spread?

A

inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs.

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13
Q

HIV symptoms?

A

Flu like symptoms

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14
Q

How does measles damage the body

A

Attacks the immune cells

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15
Q

How to prevent HIV?

A

Use protection or antiretroviral drugs

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16
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

Through sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such a blood.

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17
Q

What does TMV stand for?

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

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18
Q

What is TMV?

A

is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes.

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19
Q

Symptoms of TMV?

A

distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves

20
Q

How does TMV affect the plant?

A

It affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis

21
Q

Name two bacterial diseases?

A

Salmonella food poising and Gonorrhoea

22
Q

How is salmonella food poising spread?

A

Through bacteria I’m indigested food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

23
Q

How do people prevent salmonella food poisoning?

A

Some people are vaccinated against it

24
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella food poisoning?

A

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea

25
Q

What is gonorrhoea?

A

A sexually transmitted disease

26
Q

Gonorrhoea symptoms?

A

Thick yellow or green discharge that enters out from the vagina or penis

27
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread?

A

Through having sex with a partner who carry’s lots of bacterium

28
Q

How can gonorrhoea be prevented?

A

Antibiotics, or protections

29
Q

What’s is a fungal disease?

A

Black spot

30
Q

Symptoms of black spot?

A

Purple or black spots develop on the leaf

31
Q

How does the black spot damage the plant?

A

the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced.

32
Q

How is the black spot spread?

A

Through the environment or water and wind

33
Q

How can rose black spot be treated?

A

fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves.

34
Q

What is a protists disease?

A

The pathogens that cause malaria are protists.

35
Q

The malarial protist has a life cycle that includes what?

A

The mosquitoe

36
Q

Symptoms of malaria?

A

Episodes of fever which can be fatal

37
Q

The spread of malaria is controlled by what?

A

Mosquito nets

38
Q

Name some defence the body has to communicable diseases?

A

Skin
Nose
Trachea and bronchi
Stomach

39
Q

White blood cells help to defend against pathogens by:

A

• phagocytosis
• antibody production
• antitoxin production

40
Q

What is the vaccination and what does it do?

A

Introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.

41
Q

How does the vaccination affect the disease when it enters our immune system?

A

white blood cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies, preventing infection.

42
Q

What are antibiotics and what do they do?

A

are medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body

43
Q

Painkillers and other medicines are used to?

A

kill viruses without also damaging the body’s tissues.

44
Q

Where were drugs originally made from?

A

Willow / foxgloves / penicillium mould

45
Q

How are new drugs are so safe?

A

They get tested before hand on other patients or animals, they also get tested for toxins

Biology (5 decks)

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