Infection And Disease: Non Specific Immune Response

Question 1

What are the body’s physical barriers

Answer 1

Skin
Nose
Ciliated cells

Question 2

How does skin act as a physical barrier against disease

Answer 2

Covers most of your body
Immediately heals itself when injured by forming a scab
Prevents infection from entering the body

Question 3

How does the nose act as a physical barrier against disease

Answer 3

Nose contains hairs which pathogens can get caught on
Cells produce mucus which traps pathogens before they enter lungs

Question 4

How do ciliated cells act as a physical barrier against disease

Answer 4

Cilliated cells have cilia (small hairs)
These cells line the trachea and the cilia waft up mucus containing trapped pathogens up the throat
It is then swallow into the stomach where they are destroyed

Question 5

What are the chemical barriers of the body

Answer 5

Stomach acid
Tears and saliva

Question 6

How does stomach acid act as a chemical barrier against disease

Answer 6

Hydrochloric acid strong enough to destroy pathogens swallowed on food or trapped in mucus

Question 7

How do tears and saliva act as chemical barriers against disease

Answer 7

Contain enzymes called lysozymes
These destroy pathogen by breaking down their cell wall

Question 8

Explain the inflammatory response (5)

Answer 8

Physical injury or infection occurs
Mast cells( immune cells) release histamines
Causes blood vessels to widen
Increase blood flow to infection site
so increase in phagocytes and clotting stuff

Question 9

What is the non specific response by the immune system

Answer 9

Phagocytosis- nonspecific because phagocytes engulf any pathogen in the body