Cells: Animal, Plant And Bacterial Cells

Question 1

Name the cell structures in both plant and animal cells (5)

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Question 2

Name the extra structures plant cells contain that animal cells don’t (3)

Answer 2

Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell wall

Question 3

State the function of the nucleus

Answer 3

Contains genetic information (DNA)

Question 4

State the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 4

Liquid in which chemical reactions take place
Contain organelles and enzymes

Question 5

State the function of the cell membrane

Answer 5

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 6

State the function of mitochondria

Answer 6

Where respiration takes place
Producing energy for the cell

Question 7

State the function of ribosomes

Answer 7

Where proteins are made

Question 8

State the function of the vacuole

Answer 8

Improves rigidity of the cell
Contains cell sap

Question 9

State the function of the cell wall

Answer 9

Provides strength

Question 10

State the function of chloroplasts

Answer 10

Contains chlorophyll which is used in photosynthesis

Question 11

What do bacterial cells contain instead of a nucleus (2)

Answer 11

Plasmid
Single circular strand of DNA

Question 12

What are the adaptations of the sperm cell (2)

Answer 12

Many mitochondria- releases extra energy so the sperm cell can swim to the egg
Acrosome- contains digestive enzymes which dissolve the outer layer of the egg cell so sperm cell can enter

Question 13

What is the sperm cell specialised for (like it’s job)

Answer 13

Specialised to carry male DNA to the egg cell for successful reproduction

Question 14

What are the adaptions of a nerve cell (2)

Answer 14

Axon is long- allows impulses to be transmitted over long distances
Long dendrites- so connections can be made between other nerve cells

Question 15

What is the nerve cell specialised for (like it’s job)

Answer 15

Specialised to carry electrical signals from one place in the body to another

Question 16

What are the adaptations of the muscle cell (2)

Answer 16

Many proteins- special proteins slide over each other causing the muscle to contract
Many mitochondria- provides energy for muscle contraction

Question 17

What are the adaptions of a root hair cell (2)

Answer 17

Large surface area- allows more water to be moved in by osmosis
Lots of mitochondria- provide lots of energy for active transport of ions

Question 18

What is the root hair cell specialised for (like it’s job)

Answer 18

Specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil

Question 19

What is the xylem cells adaption

Answer 19

Walls thickened with lignin- allows cell to withstand water pressure

Question 20

Describe the structure of the xylem cells (3)

Answer 20

Made up of dead cells
Contains no cytoplasm / is hollow
Contains lignin

Question 21

Describe the function of xylem cells (3)

Answer 21

Transports water and mineral ions
Transport unidirectional
Invoked in transpiration

Question 22

What is the xylem cell specialised for (like it’s job)

Answer 22

Specialised to take water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots

Question 23

What is the adaption of the phloem cell

Answer 23

End cell walls contain sieve plates- allows movement of sugars

Question 24

Describe the structure of the phloem cells (3)

Answer 24

Made up of alive cells
Does not contain lignin
Contains cytoplasm

Question 25

Describe the function of the phloem cells (3)

Answer 25

Transport sugars
Transport bidirectionally
Involved in translocation

Question 26

What are phloem cells specialised for (like it’s job)

Answer 26

Specialised to carry the products of photosynthesis to all parts of the plant