INFECTION Flashcards
Abscess
A localised collection of pus in part of the body, formed by tissue disintegration and surrounded by an inflamed area.
Most frequently caused by staphylococcol infections within the skin.
Can occur in any part of the body and organisms depend on site of invasion.
Candidiasis
Fungal infection caused by yeast that belongs to the candida species.
Candida is part of the normal commensal flora of the mouth, GI tract, vagina, and skin in around 20% of individuals.
Alteration to host flora, following antibiotics, immunosuppression, severe illness predispose to yeast overgrowth.
RF: colonisation, prolonged neutropenia, pregnancy, catheters, sexual contact
- Oropharyngeal/Esophageal
- Genital/vulvovaginal
- Invasive
TEST:
Swabs and culture on sabouraud agar plates, with growth of characteristic yeast colonies in 1-2 days
Often late diagnosis of invasive disease- isolation in blood confirms infection but not 1005 sensitive
Cellulitis
9
Herpes Simplex virus
6
HIV
6
Incision and drainage of abscess
3
Infectious mononucleosis
6
Malaria
6
Varicella Zoster
9
Oropharyngeal candidiasis and esophageal candidiasis
- thrush
- white plaques on buccal and gingival mucosa, tongue, and palate-difficult to scrape off
- erythematous mucosa or angular stomatitis
- oral pain may lead to reduced oral intake
- dysphagia and pain on swallowing should prompt consideration of oesophageal candidiasis (associated with underlying advanced HIV infection, chemotherapy, or other cause of immunosuppression)
Genital candidiasis
Vulvovaginitis/Cystitis
yeast infection
Commoner after puberty
RF: DM, pregnancy, HIV, use of antibiotic or OCP
Presents with vulvovaginal erythema, irritation, pruritus, pain on micturition, discharge (thick, white)
Cystitis associated with immunodeficiency, prematurity, prolonged catheterisation, and prolonged antibiotic course, -always check for upper renal tract invasion
invasive candidiasis
Occurs when Candida species enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body
mainly affects critically ill or immunocompromised.
Intravascular catheters in normals.
RF: prematurity, neutropenia, immunosuppression, antibiotics, septicemia previously, surgery complicated abdominal
Sometimes presents as septic shock but has insidious onset
