Infection Flashcards
What kind of bacteria can cause laryngitis?
Group A Strep
How do you treat laryngitis?
Penicillin
What virus causes Glandular fever?
Eppstein-Barr virus
What are the typical causes of a chest infection?
Strep Pneumoniae, Staph Aureus and Haemophilus Influenzae
Name some atypical causes of chest infections.
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella Burnetti, Legionella
What is the first step of treatment for pneumonia?
Amoxicillin/Doxycycline(Allergy)`
What is the second step in the treatment of pneumonia?
IV Amoxicillin/ Clarithromycin(Allergy)
What is the third step in the treatment of pneumonia?
Coamoxiclav/Levofloxacin(Allergy) (covers coliforms as well, e.g. E.coli and Klebsiella) and Clarithromycin (for atypical causes)
What is the most severe respiratory tract infection?
Influenza A
What are the risk factors for developing chronic pulmonary infection?
Immunodeficiency Immunosupression Abnormal respiratory tract anatomy Damage to mucosa Aspiration Indwelling material
What are the different forms of chronic pulmonary infection?
Intrapulmonary abscess Empyema Chronic Bronchial Sepsis Bronchiectasis Cystic Fibrosis
How do patients with an intrapulmonary abscess present?
Weight loss
Lethargy
Weakness
Cough with/without sputum
What can cause an intrapulmonary abscess?
Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Poor immune response
What kind of bacteria can cause an intrapulmonary abscess?
Strep
Staph
E.Coli
Gram Negative bacteria
What is the name of the fungi that can cause an intrapulmonary abscess?
Aspergillus
IV drug users are at risk of intrapulmonary abscesses. Describe the process as to how this would happen
Staph. aureus infection from continuous injection into groin, forms bacterial embolus. Causing right sided endocarditis. This embolus can then travel to the lungs causing pneumonia, PE and abscesses.
What is a pulmonary empyema?
Pus in the pleural space
What kind of bacteria can you be found in a pulmonary empyema?
Strep. Milleri Staph. Aureus E.Coli Pseudomonas Haemophilus Influenzae Klebsiella Anaerobes
What is the preferred investigation in the diagnosis of a pulmonary empyema?
US
What is the treatment for an empyema?
Chest drain
Initial broad spectrum IV antibiotics
Oral 14 day course of targeted antibiotics
What is bronchiectasis?
Localised, irreversible damage to the bronchial tree. Which means that airflow is obstructed and secretions cannot be cleared properly
How does bronchiectasis present?
Recurrent chest infections
Recurrent antibiotic use with little or no response
Continuous sputum production
How can you identify chronic bronchial sepsis and who normally gets it?
Presents like bronchiectasis but doesn’t look like it on HRCT
Common in young women involved in childcare
What is the bacteria that causes acute epiglottitis?
Haemophilus influenzae
