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Respiratory > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of bacteria can cause laryngitis?

A

Group A Strep

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2
Q

How do you treat laryngitis?

A

Penicillin

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3
Q

What virus causes Glandular fever?

A

Eppstein-Barr virus

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4
Q

What are the typical causes of a chest infection?

A

Strep Pneumoniae, Staph Aureus and Haemophilus Influenzae

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5
Q

Name some atypical causes of chest infections.

A

Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella Burnetti, Legionella

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6
Q

What is the first step of treatment for pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin/Doxycycline(Allergy)`

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7
Q

What is the second step in the treatment of pneumonia?

A

IV Amoxicillin/ Clarithromycin(Allergy)

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8
Q

What is the third step in the treatment of pneumonia?

A

Coamoxiclav/Levofloxacin(Allergy) (covers coliforms as well, e.g. E.coli and Klebsiella) and Clarithromycin (for atypical causes)

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9
Q

What is the most severe respiratory tract infection?

A

Influenza A

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10
Q

What are the risk factors for developing chronic pulmonary infection?

A 
Immunodeficiency
Immunosupression
Abnormal respiratory tract anatomy
Damage to mucosa
Aspiration
Indwelling material
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11
Q

What are the different forms of chronic pulmonary infection?

A 
Intrapulmonary abscess
Empyema
Chronic Bronchial Sepsis
Bronchiectasis
Cystic Fibrosis
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12
Q

How do patients with an intrapulmonary abscess present?

A

Weight loss
Lethargy
Weakness
Cough with/without sputum

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13
Q

What can cause an intrapulmonary abscess?

A

Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Poor immune response

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14
Q

What kind of bacteria can cause an intrapulmonary abscess?

A

Strep
Staph
E.Coli
Gram Negative bacteria

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15
Q

What is the name of the fungi that can cause an intrapulmonary abscess?

A

Aspergillus

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16
Q

IV drug users are at risk of intrapulmonary abscesses. Describe the process as to how this would happen

A

Staph. aureus infection from continuous injection into groin, forms bacterial embolus. Causing right sided endocarditis. This embolus can then travel to the lungs causing pneumonia, PE and abscesses.

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17
Q

What is a pulmonary empyema?

A

Pus in the pleural space

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18
Q

What kind of bacteria can you be found in a pulmonary empyema?

A 
Strep. Milleri
Staph. Aureus
E.Coli
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus Influenzae
Klebsiella
Anaerobes
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19
Q

What is the preferred investigation in the diagnosis of a pulmonary empyema?

A

US

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20
Q

What is the treatment for an empyema?

A

Chest drain
Initial broad spectrum IV antibiotics
Oral 14 day course of targeted antibiotics

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21
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

Localised, irreversible damage to the bronchial tree. Which means that airflow is obstructed and secretions cannot be cleared properly

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22
Q

How does bronchiectasis present?

A

Recurrent chest infections
Recurrent antibiotic use with little or no response
Continuous sputum production

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23
Q

How can you identify chronic bronchial sepsis and who normally gets it?

A

Presents like bronchiectasis but doesn’t look like it on HRCT
Common in young women involved in childcare

24
Q

What is the bacteria that causes acute epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

25
Q

How do you treat acute epiglottitis?

A

ITU Ceftriaxone

26
Q

What are the 3 most common bacterial causes of COPD exacerbations?

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis

27
Q

What antibiotics do you use to treat COPD exacerbations?

A

500mg Amoxicillin for 5 days

Doxycycline 200mg on day 1 then 100mg for 4 days

28
Q

Patients with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to chronic respiratory tract infection, what are the 4 main causal bacteria?

A

Staph. aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia

29
Q

What is the causal bacteria of whooping cough?

A

Bordtella pertussis

30
Q

What is the assessment for pneumonia?

A

CURB65

31
Q

What are the risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia?

A 
Intubation
ICU
Antibiotics
Surgery
Immunosupression
32
Q

What are the usual causes of HAP?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coli forms like E.Coli and Klebsiella

33
Q

How do you diagnose Legionnaires disease?

A

Legionella urinary antigen test

34
Q

How do you treat an infection of Legionella?

A

Clarithromycin/Erithromycin

Levofloxacin

35
Q

What is PCP?

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Common cause of pneumonia in AIDS patients

36
Q

How do you treat PCP?

A

Cotrimoxazole, pentamidine

37
Q

What is the main fungal cause of a chest infection?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

38
Q

What is the proper name for a chest infection

A

Acute bronchitis

39
Q

What is the CURB65 score?

A 
Confusion
Urea >7mmol
Resp rate >30 pm
Blood pressure 
65 and over
40
Q

What conditions affect the upper respiratory tract?

A

Common Cold (Coryza)
Sore throat (Pharyngitis)
Sinusitis
Epiglottitis

41
Q

What conditions effect the lower respiratory tract?

A

Acute bronchitis
Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Pneumonia
Influenza

42
Q

What are the 2 classical flu viruses?

A

Influenza A

Influenza B

43
Q

What is the usual treatment for flu?

A

Bed rest
Fluids
Paracetemol

44
Q

What is the most important action in the prevention of flu?

A

Vaccination

45
Q

What is the most common cause of Bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus

46
Q

What is the first line treatment for TB?

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

47
Q

What is the main side effect of rifampacin?

A

Orange bodily fluids

48
Q

What’s the main side effect the of ethambutol?

A

Optic neuritis

Red, green colour blindness

49
Q

What’s the main side effect of isoniazid?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

Tingling and parasthesiae

50
Q

What is the treatment for pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin

51
Q

How would you treat pneumonia caused by staph aureus?

A

Flucoxacillin (Rifampicin)

52
Q

How would you treat klebsiella?

A

Cefotaxine

53
Q

How would you treat mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Clarithromycin or doxycycline or fluoroquinolone

54
Q

How would you treat legionnaires disease?

A

Levofloxacin

55
Q

How would you treat an infection of pseudomonas?

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin

56
Q

How would you treat a pneumonia caused by chlamydia psitacci?

A

Doxycycline or clarithromycin

57
Q

How would you treat the HIV related pneumonia pneumocystis carinii?

A

Co trimoxazole

Respiratory (12 decks)

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