Infection

Question 1

Explain some signs of injection in older adults

What should be monitored?

Answer 1

Altered behavior, cognition, LOC
(UTI commonly)

May not exhibit fever/pain

Monitor response/renal response to ABX, adequate hydration, GI/diarrhea

Question 2

What is the differential of a CBC?

Answer 2

The total WBC count split into all the different white blood cells

Question 3

What elevated CBC count indicates an acute infection?

Answer 3

Immature neutrophils (bands)

Question 4

List the 3 signs of an acute injection on a CBC

Answer 4

Elevated WBC count
Elevated band count (left shift)
Decreased platelet count

Question 5

How is the lactate level affected by an infection?

Answer 5

Elevated
(normal is 2 or less)

Question 6

What are the normal ranges for:

WBC count
Decreased platelet count
Lactate level

Answer 6

WBC: 5,000-10,000
Platelets: 150-450
Lactate: 2 or less

Question 7

What do the following symptoms indicate?

Abnormal urine color, foul smelling urine, pain/pressure/spasms in bladder area/lower abdomen, fever

Answer 7

CAUTI

Question 8

What do the following symptoms indicate?

Fever, soreness, swelling, redness, drainage around insertion site

Answer 8

CLABSI

Question 9

What are the transmission precautions for the following:

Chickenpox, measles, TB

Influenza, bacterial meningitis

C. Diff, MRSA, VRE

Answer 9

Airborne- N-95, door closed, hand hygiene

Droplet-eyes, nose, mouth covered, hand hygiene

Contact: gloves, gown, hand hygiene

Question 10

Regarding infection, what is the:
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention

Answer 10

-Transmission prevention: vaccination, preventative measures

-Early detection of infection- screening, early signs

-Minimizing spread/worsening- meds, systemic signs, organ protection

Question 11

Do you have to wear a mask for a patient with c. diff?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What interventions for difficulty breathing are given for Covid-19?

Answer 12

High-Fowler’s position
IV fluids
Blood gas monitoring
Cough assistance

Question 13

How is HIV progression monitored?

Answer 13

CD4 count

Question 14

What is a normal CD4 count? when does it indicate AIDS?

Answer 14

Normal: 800-1200

AIDS: <200

Question 15

Explain acute HIV

Answer 15

2-4 weeks after infection
Flu-like symtoms: fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen glands
High infection risk

Question 16

When can AIDS be diagnosed?

Answer 16

If they have one of the following:
CD4 count <200
Opportunistic infections
Opportunistic cancers
Wasting syndrome

Question 17

When is wasting syndrome diagnosed?

Answer 17

When 10% or more of the body mass has been lost

Question 18

Can a mother w/ HIV give birth vaginally without transmitting it?

Can they breastfeed?

Answer 18

If viral load is undetectable due to consistent ART use

Same thing

Question 19

Infants who are HIV negative will….

Answer 19

Take ART for around 4-6 weeks after delivery

Question 20

Explain PrEP

Answer 20

Preexposure Prophylaxis
People who don’t have HIV take these meds to reduce risk of acquiring it

Should be used with other prevention methods like condoms/regular testing

Question 21

Explain nPEP

Answer 21

Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis

Combination of HIV ART given to someone within 72 hours after potential exposure
Given for 28 days

Question 22

Missing even a few doses of ART can lead to–

Answer 22

Drug resistance

Question 23

What are the expected outcomes for a patient at risk for HIV infection?

Answer 23

Develop & implement a personal plan to decrease personal risk factors

Have HIV testing

Question 24

What are the expected outcomes for a patient with HIV?

Answer 24

Adhere to treatment
Work w/ healthcare team to achieve optimal health
Prevent transmission to others