Immune Response + Transplantation

Question 1

Which types of hypersensitivity reactions are each of the following?

1. Allergic rhinitis, angioedema, asthma, atopic dermatitis, hives
2. Acute glomerulonephritis
   Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
3. Contact dermatitis
4. Goodpasture syndrome, Grave’s disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, transfusion response

Answer 1

1. Type 1
2. Type 3
3. Type 4
4. Type 2

Question 2

Explain the signs of anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

Rapid, weak pulse
Hypotension
Dilated pupils
Dyspnea
Cyanosis

Question 3

What is the leading cause of anaphylaxis-related death?

Answer 3

Drugs

Question 4

What are the 4 nursing priorities (in order) for handling anaphylactic shock

Answer 4

1. Recognize signs/symptoms of anaphylactic reactions
2. Maintain airway patency
3. Give medications (E: IM or IV or SQ)
4. Treat for shock

Question 5

What is a common early sign of anaphylactic shock?

Answer 5

GI issues, such as stomachache, cramps. N/V

Question 6

What are some ways we can treat anaphylactic shock after administering meds?

Answer 6

IV fluids
Meds to raise BP

Question 7

Explain the Rescue Position

Answer 7

Place recumbent and elevate legs

Question 8

What are the 3 allergy skin tests?

Answer 8

Scratch or Prick test
Intradermal test
Patch test (worn 38-72 hr)

Question 9

What is a positive reaction for a skin test?

Answer 9

Wheal & flare response

Question 10

If, during a skin test, severe symptoms develop, what do you do?

What if the reaction is caused by an intradermal test on an extremity?

Answer 10

Remove the antigen
Give Epinephrine if needed

Place tourniquet above site

Question 11

Explain SCIT

Answer 11

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy
-biweekly or weekly
-Takes 1-2 years to reach max effect, may continue for 5 years

Question 12

Explain SLIT

Answer 12

Sublingual Immunotherapy
-taken once a day at home after initial observation

Question 13

How long should a patient be observed after SCIT or SLIT?

What should be reported?

When would the dose need to be adjusted?

Answer 13

20-30 minutes

Wheals greater than a quarter in size

If the patient has not come consistently for the therapy

Question 14

What 2 types of hypersensitivity reactions occur with latex allergies?

Answer 14

Type 1: within minutes of exposure, up to anaphylaxis

Type 4: Contact dermatitis, within 6-48 hours- skin dryness, irritation, swelling, scaling

Question 15

What are the risk factors for a latex allergy?

Answer 15

Repeated exposure

Asthma, allergic rhinitis

Food allergies: bananas, avocados, kiwi, tomato, potato

Question 16

What kinds of testing are required before an organ transplant?

Answer 16

HLA typing
Reactive antibody panel
Crossmatch (potential reaction to donor)

Question 17

What are the 3 types of organ transplant rejection?

Answer 17

Hyperacute- within 24 hours
Acute: within 6 months…usually cell-mediated, pt given immunosuppressive therapy

Chronic: over months-years, B and T cells infiltrate organ, it becomes fibroused and scarred