Infection Flashcards
Potential to harm/cause a disease
Pathogenicity
Degree/power/severity of danger that the microbe can create.
Virulence
Ability of microbe to cause disease
Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity is used to [..]
Describe and compare species
Virulence is used to [..]
Describe, or compare strains within a species
Virulence is based on
Invasive qualities
toxic qualities
presence of pili or fimbriae for adhesion
ability to avoid host defenses (mutate)
Capability to spread, and ability to enter a host
Invasive qualities
Chemicals that the agents can do
Toxic qualities
The ability of a microbe to enter the tissue
Invasiveness
Attraction of a certain microorganism group to a particular host
Specificity
types of pathogens
Virus
prions,
fungus,
parasites
bacteria
Pathogen that affects either the RNA/DNA
Virus
Pathogen that is present in brain cells, for example, mad cows disease (creutz Jacob disease)
Prions
Two forms of fungus
Yeast and mold
Two types of parasites
Protozoa and helminths
Chain of infection
Infectious agent,
Reservoir
portal of exit way out
mode of transmission
portal of entry way in,
susceptible host
Most valuable to break the chain
Mode of transmission
Microorganism that cause the disease
Infectious agent
Where are germs, lives and grows
Reservoir
Germ need to find its way out, so it can spread
Portal of exit way out
Sources of infections
Endogenous infections and exogenous infections
Source of infection caused by own microflora
Endogenous infection
Five sources of infection
Healthy carrier- asymptomatic
convalescent -recovered person, but can still transmit
temporary -could have the disease, could act as a carrier for up to six months
chronic carrier-could act as a carrier for more than six months
paradoxical carrier-acquired the disease from another carrier
Modes of communicable disease transmission
Direct transmission
Indirect transmission
Types of direct transmission
Direct contact
Droplet spread
Types of indirect transmission
Airborne
vehicle borne
Vector borne
Immediate transfer of direct contact
Direct transmission
Microbial aerosols usually respiratory, suspended in dust or droplet nuclei made up by micro organisms
Airborne transmission
Contaminated materials or fomites
May or may not have multiplied or developed on vehicle
Vehicle borne transmission
Signs and symptoms of infection
Redness
Swelling
Tenderness
Warmth
Drainage
Red streaks leading away from wound
Local signs of infection
Inflammation
Purulent exudate if bacterial infection
Serous exudate is viral
Tissue necrosis
Lymphadenopathy
Respiratory effects
Systemic signs
Fever
Fatigue
Headache
Nausea
Generalized stages of infection
- Entry of pathogen.
- Incubation - colonization
- Prodromal period
- Invasive period
- Period of decline
- Period of convalescence
Stage of infection without signs and symptoms
Entry of pathogen
Stage of infection also called asymptomatic period, it is between the initial contact with the microbe and the appearance of the first symptoms
Incubation
Stage of infection under incubation, usually at the site of entry, and may still continue up to prodromal
Colonization
Stage of infection where there is initial symptoms mild
Prodromal Period
Stage of infection also called period of illness,
Invasive period
Stage of infection were there is start of recovery and minimal signs and symptoms
Period of decline
Stage of infection, where there is no signs and symptoms, recovered
Period of convalescence
