infants and newborn rationales

Question 1

MARFAN SYNDROME

Answer 1

ASSOCIATED WITH

1. LONG LIMBS
2. ** JOINT HYPERMOBILITY**
   3.** CARDIOVASCULAR
   ABNORMALITIES**

Question 2

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

Answer 2

HYPOGONADISM AND REDUCED FERTILITY

Question 3

TURNER SYNDROME

Answer 3

1. DIAGNOSE THROUGH KARYOTYPING TO CONFIRM THE PRESENCE OF A SINGLE X CHROMOSME.

2. ASSOCIATED WITH CONDITIONS LIKE HEART DEFECTS AND HEARING PROBLEM
3. REGULAR FOLLOWUP IS RECOMMENDED FOR FAMILIES OF CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH TURNER SYNDROME

Question 4

LEUKOCORIA

Answer 4

ABNORMAL WHITE REFLECTION BEHIND THE RETINA

Question 5

**RISK FACTOR **FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP (DDH)

Answer 5

1.FAMILY HISTORY OF DDH
2.BEING THE 1ST BRON CHILD
3. FEMALE GENDER
4. BREECH PRESENTATION
5.** SWADDING THE INFANT TIGHTLY WITH LEGS EXTENDED AND TOGETHER**

Question 6

PARACHUTE REFLEX

Answer 6

6-9 MONTHS(APPERS)

Question 7

MORO RELFEX

Answer 7

4-6 MONTHS(FADES)

Question 8

TONIC NECK REFLEX

Answer 8

6-9 MONTHS(FADES)

Question 9

PALMAR GRASP

Answer 9

5-6 MONTHS(DISAPPER)

Question 10

ORTHOTIC HELMET

Answer 10

PLAGIOCEPHALY
TO CORRECT THE SHAPE OF THE SKULL THROUGH CONTROLLED AND DIRECT GROWTH

Question 11

RISK FACTORS FOR HIGH BILIRUBIN LEVEL IN NEWBRON?

Answer 11

1. ABO INCOMPATIBILITY
2. BRUSING DURING BIRTH
3. CONDITIONS THAT INCREASE RED BLOOD CELL TURNOVER

Question 12

PIAGETS THEORY/SENSORIMOTOR STAGE

Answer 12

1. BIRTH TO 2 YRS
2. BASIC REFLEXES AND PHYSICAL INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENT
3. RESULT IN PURPOSEFUL MOVEMENT,HAND-EYE COORDINATION,AND SPATIAL AWARENESS

Question 13

PIAGETS /PREOPERATIONAL STAGE

Answer 13

1. 2-7 YEARS
2. EGOCENTRIC THINKING
3. IMAGINATIVE PLAY,
4. DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND MEMORY

Question 14

PIAGETS/CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE

Answer 14

1. 7-11 YRS
2. EMPATHY AND SEEING OTHER POINTS OF VIEW

3 LOGICAL THINKING AND EXPANDED PROBLEM SOLVING

Question 15

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE/PIAGETS

Answer 15

1. 11 YRS TO ADULTHOOD
2. ADVANCE PROBLEM SOLVING
3. SYSTEMATIC THINKING
4. ANDABILITY TO CONSIDER POSSIBILITES
   3.ABSTRACT AND HYPOTHETICAL THINKING

Question 16

12 MONTHS

Answer 16

1. COMMUNICATE 1-2 WORDS
2. BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND WORDS, REQUEST, PHRASES, INSTRUCTION
3. ANSWER SIMPLE QUESTION NONVERBALLY
   4 RECOGNIZE WORDS FOR FAMILIAR OBJECTS(BALL/DOG/SHOE/CUP)

Question 17

screening teens for potential health conditions

Answer 17

1. osteoporosis
   2.** amenorrhea**
2. energy deficiency

Question 18

**

1st sign od puberty in male

Answer 18

enlargment of testes/9-14 age

Question 19

early adolesence(11-14)guidance

Answer 19

1. critical for physical and emotional changes
2.anticipatery guidance helps adolescents ans their families prepare for these changes
3. discussing nutritional needs,such as iron & calcium,supports healthy growth
4.addressing emotinal health wellness and rsik reduction promotes overall well beings
5.regular health supervision,including immunization and developments surveillance.is essential.

Question 20

**

cognitive delay

Answer 20

1.difficulty with basic maths
2.problem solving

Question 21

**

fine motor

Answer 21

small muscle movements

Question 22

gross motor delay

Answer 22

large muscle movements and coordination
ex :**using scissors
alternating foot patterns
coordination for sports

Question 23

language delay

Answer 23

understanding of instructions

Question 24

**

phallic stage/4-6 years

Answer 24

1. oedipal and electra complexes
2.child can do differences btw sexes
3.resolution of the oedipal comle leads to identification with the same sex parent
4.issues duriing this stage can impact future sexual identity and behaviour
5.encourage healthy explorations and understanding of body parts is important in this stage

Question 25

earliest puberty in females

Answer 25

8 yrs

9 yrs is normal

Question 26

**

telegraphic speech

Answer 26

simple noun-verb combinations

ex: want cookie,go park

Question 27

**

indicators of scoliosis

Answer 27

1. unequal shoulder height/scapulae,hips
2. rib hump on 1 side
3. unqual sistance btw arms and torso

Question 28

get taller or finished growing in males

Answer 28

until 18 yrs

Question 29

**

pubic hairs in female

Answer 29

10-12 yrs

Question 29

tanner stage 1

Answer 29

no pubic hairs

Question 30

tanner stage 2

Answer 30

1.intial apprance of sparse
2.straight pubic hairs
3.primarily along the base along the labia or base of penis

Question 31

tanner stage 3

Answer 31

1.development of coarse
2.curly pubic hairs but less abundant than an adult
3.key point in pubertal development /secondray characteristics become more pronounced

Question 32

tanner stage 4

Answer 32

1.hair more like adult in quality and distrubution
**2.not yet spread to inner thighs like 5.

Question 33

tanner 5

Answer 33

adult like hair distribution with inner thigs

Question 34

rugae

Answer 34

wrinkling

Question 35

thelarch/1st signs of puberty in girls

Answer 35

breast development

Question 36

pubarches

Answer 36

• pubic hairs
• signs of adrenarch

Question 37

menarch

Answer 37

1. first mestrual period
2.later stage in pubertal development

Question 38

adrenarche

Answer 38

onset of androgen/pubic hair/axillary hair & changes in skin oiliness & body odor

Question 39

test for cause of rash

Answer 39

1. koh-treated scraping of the border
2. woods lamp examinations