Infant Reflexes And Possible Effects Flashcards
Asymmetrical Tonic Reflex
Stimulus: head position, turned to one side
Response: arm and leg on face side are extended, arm and leg on scalp side are flexed, spine curved with convexity toward face side.
Normal age of Response: both to 6 months
Interferes with: feeding, visual tracking, midline use of hands, bilateral hand use, rolling, development of crawling, can lead to skeletal deformities.
Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
Stimulus: head position, Flexion or extension
Response: when head is in Flexion, arms are flexed, legs extended. When head is in extension, arms are extended, legs are flexed
Normal age of Response: 6-8 months
Interferes with: ability to prop on arms in prone position, attaining and maintaining hands-and-knees position, crawling reciprocally, sitting balance when looking around, use of hands when looking at objects in hand in sitting position.
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
Stimulus: position of labyrinth in the inner ear- reflected in head position
Response: in the supine position, body and extremities are held in extension; in the prone position, body and extremities are held in Flexion.
Normal age of Response: birth to 6 months
Interferes with: ability to initiate rolling, ability to prop on elbows with extended hips when prone, ability to flex trunk and hips to. One to sitting position from supine position, often causes full body extension, which interferes with balance in sitting or standing.
Galant Reflex
Stimulus: touch to skin along spine from shoulder to hip
Response: lateral Flexion of trunk to side of stimulus
Normal age of Response: 30 weeks of gestation to 2 months
Interferes with: development of sitting balance, can lead to scoliosis
Palmer Grasp Reflex
Stimulus: pressure in palm on the ulnar side of hand
Response: Flexion of fingers causing strong grip
Normal age of Response: birth to 4 months
Interferes with: ability to stand with feet flat in surface, weight bearing on open hand for propping, crawling, protective responses
Planter Grasp Reflex
Stimulus: pressure on base of toes
Response: toe Flexion
Normal age of Response: 28 weeks of gestation to 9 months
Interferes with: ability to stand with feet flat on surface, glance reaction and weight shifting in standing.
Rooting Reflex
Stimulus: touch on cheek
Response: turning head to same side with mouth open
Normal age of Response: 28 weeks of gestation to 3 months
Interferes with:oral- motor development, development of midline control of head, optical righting, visual tracking, and social interaction
Moro Reflex
Stimulus: head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches
Response: arms abduct with fingers open, then cross trunk into adduction; cry
Normal age of Response: 28 weeks of gestation to 2 months
Interferes with: balance reactions in sitting, protective responses in sitting, eye-hand coordination, visual tracking
Startle Reflex
Stimulus: loud, sudden noise
Response: stiffening of legs and trunk into extension
Normal age of Response: 28 weeks of gestation to 5 months
Interferes with: sitting balance, protective response in sitting, eye-hand coordination, visual tracking, social interaction, attention
Positive Support Reflex
Stimulus:weight placed on balls of feet when upright
Response: stiffening of legs and trunk into extension
Normal age of Response: 35 weeks of gestation to 2 months
Interferes with: standing and walking, balance reactions and weight shifting in standing, can lead to contracture of ankle into planter Flexion
Walking (Stepping) Reflex
Stimulus: supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface
Response: reciprocal Flexion/extension of legs
Normal age of Response:38 weeks of gestation to 2 months
Interferes with: standing and walking, balance reactions and weight shifting in standing, development of smooth, coordinated reciprocal mvmt of LE
