Effect, Indications, And Contraindications Flashcards
Cryotherapy
Effects: decreased blood flow to the treatment area, decreased edema, decreased local temp, decreased metabolic rate, decreased nerve conduction velocity, decreased tone, increased pain threshold
Indication: abnormal tone, acute or chronic pain, acute or subacute inflammation, bursitis, muscle spasms, musculoskeletal teams, myofascial trigger points, tendinitis, tenosynovitis
Contraindication: cold intolerance, cold urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, infection, over an are of compromised circulation, over regenerating peripheral nerves, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, peripheral vascular disease, Raynaud’s phenomenon, skin anesthesia
Thermotherapy
Effects: decreased muscle spasm,decreased tone, increased blood flow to the treatment area, increased capillary permeability, increased collagen extensibility, increased local temperature, increased metabolic rate, increased muscle elasticity, increased nerve conduction velocity, increased pain threshold
Indications: abnormal tone, decreased range of motion, muscle guarding, muscle spasm, myofascial trigger points, subacute or chronic pain, subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions.
Contraindications: acute musculoskeletal trauma, arterial disease, bleeding hemorrhage, over an area of compromised circulation, over an area of malignancy, peripheral vascular disease, thrombophlebitis
Ultrasound
Thermal effects: acceleration of metabolic rate, modulation of pain, reduction of muscle spasm, decreased joint stiffness, alteration of nerve conduction velocity, increased circulation, and increased soft tissue extensibility.
Non-Thermal Effects: increased cell and skin membrane permeability, increased intracellular calcium levels, facilitation of tissue repair, and promotion of normal cell function.
Indications: acute and post-acute conditions (u/s with non-thermal effects), calcium deposits, chronic inflammation, delayed soft tissue healing, dermal ulcers, joint contracture, muscle spasm, myofascial trigger point, pain, planted warts, scar tissue, tissue regeneration.
Contraindications: acute and post-acute conditions (u/s with thermal effects), areas of active bleeding, areas of decreased temp sensation, areas of decreased circulation, deep vein thrombosis, infection, malignancy, over Brest implants, over carotid sinus or cervical ganglia, over epiphyswal areas in young children, over eyes, hearts and genitalia, over methyl methacrylate cement or plastic, over pelvic, lumbar or abdominal areas of pregnant women, over a pacemaker, thrombophlebitis, vascular insufficiency.
Diathermy
Effects: altered call membrane function, increased collagen extensibility, increased edema, increased metabolic rate, increased muscle elasticity, increased nerve conduction velocity, increased pain threshold, increased temp, vasodilation.
Indications: bursitis, chronic inflammation, chronic inflammatory pelvic disease, decreased collagen extensibility, degenerative joint disease, increased metabolism, joint stiffness, muscle guarding, i trigger points, pain, peripheral nerve regeneration, tissue healing
Contraindications: acute infection, acute inflammation, cardiac pacemaker, hemophilia, internal and external metal objects, intrauterine device, ischemic tissue, low back, abdomen or pelvis of a pregnant woman, malignant area, moist wound dressing, over a hemorrhagic region, over the eyes, over the testes, pain and temp sensory deficits.
Ultraviolet Light
Effects: bacteriocidal effects, exfoliation, facilitate healing, increased pigmentation, thickening of the epidermis, Vitamin D production
Indications: acne, chronic ulcer/wound, osteomalacia, psoriasis, sinusitis, vitamin D deficiency
Contraindications: ares receiving radiation, diabetes mellitus,herpes simplex, pellagra, photosensitive medications, skin cancer, systemic lupus erythematous, tuberculosis
Hydrotherapy
Effects: decreased abnormal tone, increased blood flow, increased core temp, pain relief, relaxation, vasodilation, wound debridement
Indications: arthritis, burn care, edema, decreased ROM, desensitization of residual limb, joint stiffness, muscle spasm/spasticity, muscle strain, pain, sprain, wound care
Contraindications: advanced cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, active bleeding, diminished sensation, gangrene, impaired circulation, incontinence, maceration, peripheral vascular disease, renal infection, severe infection, severe mental disorders,
Traction
Effects: decreased disk protrusion, decreased pain, increased joint mobility, increased muscle relaxation, increased soft tissue elasticity, pro,toe arterial, venous, and lymphatic flow
Indications: disk herniation, joint hyper-mobility, muscle guarding, muscle spasm, narrowing of the intervertebral foramen, nerve root impingement, osteophyte formation, spinal ligament and other connective tissue contracture, subacute joint inflammation, subacute pain.
Contraindications: acute inflammation, acute sprains or strains, aortic aneurysm, bone diseases, cardiac or pulmonary problems, conditions where mvmt significantly increase symptoms, conditions where mvmt is contraindicated, dislocation, fracture, hiatal hernia, increase pain or radicular symptoms with traction, infections in bone or joints, meningitis, osteoporosis, peripheralization of symptoms, positive slur ligament test, positive vertebral artery test, pregnant, rheumatoid arthritis- advanced, subluxation, temporomandibular joint pain or dysfunction, trauma, tumors, vascular conditions, vertebral joint instability.
Compression
Effects: control of peripheral edema, management of scar formation, prevention of deep vein thrombosis, promote lymphatic and venous return, shaping of the residual limb
Indications: edema, hypertrophic scarring, lymphedema, new residual limb, risk for deep vein thrombosis, stasis ulcers
Contraindications: circulatory obstruction, deep vein thrombosis, heart failure, infection of treated area, malignancy of treated area, unstable or acute fracture, pulmonary edema
CPM
Effects: decrease post-operative pain, improve the rate of recovery, increase ROM, lessen the debilitating effects from immobilization, reduce edema by assisting venous and lymphatic return, stimulate tissue healing
Indications: pain, limited ROM, edema, susceptibility to contracture or adhesions, muscle or joint stiffness
Contraindications: increase in pain after use, particular anticoagulants my increase the rich for intracompartment hematoma, unwanted translation of opposing bones
Electrotherapy
Effects: decreased edema, decreased pain, eliminate disuse atrophy, facilitate bone repair, facilitate wound healing, improved ROM, increased local circulation, muscle re-ed, muscle strengthening, relaxation of muscle spasm
Indications: Bell’s palsy, decreased ROM, facial neuropathy, fracture, idiopathic scoliosis, joint effusion, labor and delivery, muscle atrophy,muscle spasm, muscle weakness, open would/ulcer, pain, stress incontinence, shoulder subluxations
Contraindications: cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac pacemaker, malignancy, osteomyelitis, over a pregnant uterus, over carried sinus, patient with a bladder stimulator, phlebitis, seizure disorder.
Iontophoresis
Effects: determined based on the ion selected
Indications: pain, calcium deposits, fungal infection, hyper hid risks, inflammation, ischemia, keloids, muscle spasm, myositis ossifications, planted warts, scar tissue, wounds
Contraindications: drug allergies, skin sensitivity reactions or specific ions.
Biofeedback
Effects: decreased accessory muscle use, decreased muscle spasm, decreased pain, improved muscle strength, muscle relaxation, neuromuscular control
Indications: bowel incontinence, cerebral palsy, hemipelgia, impaired motor control, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, pain, spinal cord injury, unitary incontinence
Contraindications: conditions where muscle contraction is detrimental, skin irritation at the electrode site.
Massage
Effects: altered pain transmission, decreased anxiety and tension, decreased muscle atrophy, decreased muscle spasm, facilitate healing, improved circulation, increased lymphatic circulation, loosen adhesion, reduction of edema, relaxation, removal of metabolic waste, stimulate reflexive effects
Indications: adhesions, Bursitis, decreased ROM, edema, intermittent claudication, lactic acid excess, migraine or headache, muscle spasm and cramping, pain, raynaud’s syndrome, scar tissue, tendonitis, trigger point
Contraindications: acute injury, arteriosclerosis, cancer, cellulitis, embolus, infection, thrombus
