Inequality - Manchester Case Study

Question 1

AC Evidence of inequality:

Answer 1

Gender - 66% of Women employed, whereas 71% of men employed.

Income - 90% of Manny LSOA Segments in the 50% most deprived areas in
England when calculated with Gini.

Ethnicity - 30% of ethnic minority were economically inactive compared to the 20% white.

Question 2

AC Causes of inequality:

Answer 2

Income inequality - Businesses paying more in central Manchester compared to businesses in greater Manchester.

Pt2 Income inequality - Covid widened the income gap as many businesses closed causing the unemployment of lower paid workers.

Question 3

AC Impacts of inequality:

Answer 3

Ethnic inequality - Ethnic minorities have a harder time trying to maintain a standard of living due to economic inactivity compared to the entire population.

Housing inequality - High earner tend to live either inner city / outer suburbs in larger properties, while lower paid live in outer city / inner suburbs social housing.

Question 4

AC Tackling inequality:

Answer 4

Income inequality - In order to increase employment and lessen income inequality, the charities / govt. teach skills which are useful in the workplace.

Ethnic inequality - English speaking courses which allow for greater integration into communities for ethnic minorities - also teaching them a skill that will help them become employed, reducing their economic inactivity.

Question 5

LIDC Evidence of inequality

Answer 5

Living environment / Ethnic inequality - High proportion of black SA population living in shanty towns called: “Township settlements”. This means that they have little amounts of clean water, no sewage system, unsafe environment (basic necessities).

This is in comparison to the white neighbourhoods in SA, which tend to live in gated communities, displaying a large amount of disparity between the two races. in terms of living environment.

Income inequality - Gini coefficient for SA is 0.63 (1 being highest)

SA human development index is at 0.67 (poor)

Question 6

LIDC Causes of inequality:

Answer 6

Ethnic - Apartheid in SA which ended in 1994 still has a legacy to this day.

Class inequality - Classism exists in SA due to wealthier citizens possessing the majority of wealth in SA, which reduces social mobility.

Question 7

LIDC Impacts of inequality:

Answer 7

Ethnic inequality - Segregation’s modern legacy has made races separate into different areas - this has made the black population of SA at risk when in white areas, as they are perceived as a threat.

Spatial inequality - Apartments for the rich while the poor live in shanty towns.

Question 7

LIDC Tackling inequality:

Answer 7

Class / ethnic - New schools being built to educate the lower class and increase social mobility in order to address the systemic ethnic / class inequality.

Health - Healthcare improvements in order to lessen health inequality.