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A.P. Human Geography > Industry and Development > Flashcards

Industry and Development Flashcards

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1
Q

The spatial growing of businesses in order to share costs, as when several factories share the cost of building an access road to connect with a public highway

A

Agglomeration Economies

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2
Q

An item moves from worker to worker with each worker performing the same task repeatedly

A

Assembly Line

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3
Q

A space that is typically reserved for regular employees of companies, usually not in an area of high value

A

Back Offices

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4
Q

The possible downsides of growth poles

A

Backwash Effects

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5
Q

Sites of abandoned factories

A

Brownfields

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6
Q

Products that are heaviest when finished

A

Bulk-gaining Industry

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7
Q

When office buildings congregate

A

Business Park

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8
Q

When both parties have goods or services that the other party desires

A

Complementarity

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9
Q

Model that divides countries into three types; core, semiperiphery and periphery

A

Core-Periphery Model

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10
Q

READ ALL Category of the Core Periphery model that includes the economically advantaged areas of the world and the center of world businesses and finances

A

Core

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11
Q

READ ALL Category of the Core-Periphery model that includes the least developed countries, high percentage of jobs in low-skill, labor intensive production and extraction of raw materials

A

Periphery

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12
Q

READ ALL Category of the Core-Periphery model that includes the middle-income countries, sometimes known as emerging economies, provides manufactured goods

A

Semi-periphery

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13
Q

Theory that countries do not exist in isolation but are part of an intertwined world system in which all countries are dependent on each other

A

Dependency Theory

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14
Q

An industry where the energy demands are so high that factories are built in close proximity to major sources of abundant, cheap power

A

Energy-Oriented Industry

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15
Q

Physical spaces within a country where special regulations benefit foreign-controlled businesses

A

Export Processing Zone

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16
Q

A term meaning that businesses can pack up and leave for a new location quickly and easily

A

Footloose

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17
Q

A system of mass production

A

Fordism

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18
Q

A location that allows business executives to easily interact with executives from other nearby businesses

A

Front Offices

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19
Q

Measures the distribution of income within a population

A

Gini Coefficient

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20
Q

A composite index for measurement of gender disparity, uses indicators such as reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market participation of women to measure the percentage of potential of human development lost due to gender inequality in different nations

A

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

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21
Q

Combines one economic measure with several social measures, such as life expectancy and the average education level

A

Human Development Index (HDI)

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22
Q

The total monetary value, in US dollars, of all the goods, services, and investments produced by a country in a year

A

Gross National Income (GNI)

23
Q

The monetary value of ALL goods and services produced in a country in one year

A

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

24
Q

The total monetary value, in US dollars, of all the goods, services, and investments produced by a country in a year

A

Gross National Product (GNP)

25
Q

Based on what an amount of money will buy

A

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

26
Q

Historian who proposed the World Systems Theory in the 1970s

A

Immanuel Wallerstein

27
Q

A policy of extending a country’s political and economic power

A

Imperialism

28
Q

A set of changes in technology that dramatically increased manufacturing productivity

A

Industrial Revolution

29
Q

A system in which the inputs needed in the assembly process arrive at the assembly plant very close to when they are needed

A

Just-in-time Delivery

30
Q

Explains the key decisions made by businesses about where to locate factories

A

Least Cost Theory

31
Q

The location decision for a factory is dependent upon the location of other factories

A

Locational Interdependence

32
Q

A model that shows how the market for a good is at one location and the resources needed to make the good are obtained at two other locations

A

Location Triangle

33
Q

The Mexican (Spanish language) name for EPZ (Export Processing Zones)

A

Maquiladoras

34
Q

A model that focuses on the shift from traditional to modern forms of society

A

Modernization Model

35
Q

A system of employment in the various economic sectors spread throughout the world

A

New International Division of Labor

36
Q

Programs enacted by governments and international non-profit agencies

A

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

37
Q

Companies will locate services in other countries if the costs of doing businesses are lower and worth the risk of moving some operations overseas

A

Offshoring

38
Q

Contracting work out to non-company employees or other companies

A

Outsourcing

39
Q

Meaning “Per person”

A

Per Capita

40
Q

Machines are able to work 24 hours a day without breaks or vacations, and produce consistent, high quality work. Workers who don’t lose their jobs are often trained to do more than one job

A

Post-Fordism

41
Q

An era that no longer employs large numbers of people in factories

A

Postindustrial

42
Q

Extracting natural resources, dominated the economy until the Civil War

A

Primary Sector

43
Q

The knowledge based sector that includes research and development, business consulting, financial services, education, public administration, and software development

A

Quatenary Sector

44
Q

Consists of the highest levels of decision-making and includes the top officials in various levels of government and business

A

Quinary Sector

45
Q

The region of the United States hit hardest by deindustrialization, the Northeast and lands around the Great Lakes

A

Rust Belt

46
Q

Processing natural resources, significant labor growth in 1840s to 1960s

A

Secondary Sector

47
Q

Businesses seek to maximize profit by substituting one factor of production for another

A

Substitution Principle

48
Q

Providing services rather than working with natural resources, most people in the U.S. labor force today, AKA the service sector

A

Tertiary Sector

49
Q

Groups of countries that agree to a common set of trade rules

A

Trading Bloc (yes that is how it is spelled - Riley)

50
Q

Companies that operate in more than one country

A

Transnational Corporation

51
Q

Theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein, says that countries do not exist in isolation but are part of an intertwined _____ _____ in which all countries are dependent on each other

A

World Systems Theory

52
Q

American economist who developed the modernization model in 1960

A

W.W. Rostow

53
Q

Industries where companies try to locate processing plants near the source of raw materials

A

Bulk-reducing Industry

A.P. Human Geography (5 decks)

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