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A.P. Human Geography > Cities and Urban Land Use > Flashcards

Cities and Urban Land Use Flashcards

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1
Q

The permanently uninhabited portion of the earth’s surface

A

Ecumene

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2
Q

The process of people moving, usually from cities, to residential areas on the outskirts of cities

A

Suburbaniztion

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3
Q

areas (farms and villages) with low concentration of people

A

Rural

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4
Q

Some suburbanites return to live in the city

A

Reurbanization

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5
Q

Moving farther out into rural areas and work remotely

A

Exurbanization

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6
Q

An established town near a very large city grows into a city independent of the larger one

A

Satellite City

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7
Q

Areas generally associated with river valleys in which seasonal floods and fertile soils aided in the production of an agricultural surplus

A

Urban hearths

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8
Q

Another way to define a city

A

Metropolitan Area

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9
Q

Cities of more than 10,000 inhabitants (but less than 50,000)

A

Micropolitan Statistical Area

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10
Q

The population of cities, as compared to other areas, contains a great variety of people

A

Social heterogeneity

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11
Q

Describes urban growth based on transportation technology

A

Borchert’s Model

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12
Q

Cities shaped by the distances people could walk

A

Pedestrian Cities

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13
Q

Communities that grew up along rail lines, emerged, often created pin-wheel shaped cities

A

Streetcar Suburbs

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14
Q

An interdependent set of cities within a region

A

Urban System

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15
Q

Describes one way in which the sizes of cities within a region may develop

A

Rank-size Rule

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16
Q

If the largest city in an urban system is more than twice as large as the next largest city, the largest city is said to have primacy

A

Primate City

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17
Q

Theory developed to explain the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region

A

Central Place Theory

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18
Q

An area that surrounds each central place, for which it provides goods and services and from which it draws its population

A

Market Area

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19
Q

The size of population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable

A

Threshold

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20
Q

The worlds largest cities that typically have more than ten million people

A

Megacities

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21
Q

Cities that exert influence far beyond their national boundaries

A

World Cities or Global Cities

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22
Q

A chain of connected cities

A

Megalopolis

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23
Q

A single, uninterrupted urban area

A

Conurbation

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24
Q

The idea that portions of an urban area–regions, or zones, within the city–have specific and distinct purposes

A

Functional Zonation

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25
Q

The commercial heart of a city

A

Central Business District (CBD)

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26
Q

Describes a city as a series of rings that surrounds a central business district

A

Concentric Zone Model

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27
Q

The first ring surrounding the CBD that includes industrial uses mixed with poorer quality housing

A

Zone of Transition

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28
Q

Also known as the Concentric Zone Model, ____ described three additional rings, all residential

A

Burgess Model

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29
Q

A different way of looking at cities invented by Homer Hoyt, describes how different types of land use growing outward from CBD
Read paragraph 3 on page 321 for a more in-depth definition

A

Sector Model

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30
Q

Describes sectors of land use for low-, medium-, and high- income housing. The model also notes a sector for transportation extending from the edge to the center of the city

A

Hoyt’s Model

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31
Q

Studies changes in cities in the 1940s. This model suggested that functional zonation occurred around multiple centers

A

Multiple-nuclei Model

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32
Q

A variant of the multiple-nuclei model, describes suburban neighborhoods surrounding an inner city and served by nodes of commercial activity along a ring road or beltway

A

Peripheral Model

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33
Q

Describes the spread of U.S. cities outward from the CBD to the suburbs, leaving a declining inner city

A

Galactic City Model

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34
Q

Nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities

A

Edge Cities

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35
Q

Often used to describe Latin American cities, places a two-part CBD at the center of the city: a traditional market center adjacent to a modern high-rise center

A

Griffen-Ford Model

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36
Q

Characterized by poverty, lack of infrastructure, and areas of poorly built housing

A

Perférico

37
Q

A neighborhood where extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness are common

A

Favelas or Barrios

38
Q

Areas not connected to city services and under the control of drug lords and gangs

A

Disamenity Zone

39
Q

Has broad, straight avenues and large homes, parks, and administrative centers

A

Colonial CBD

40
Q

A fort designed to protect the city, with its related palace and barracks for soldiers

A

Citadel

41
Q

Describes the land use in many of the larger cities in Southeast Asia

A

McGee Model

42
Q

Regulations that define how property in specific geographic regions can be used

A

Zoning Ordinances

43
Q

A process of promoting growth and controlling change in land use

A

Urban Planning

44
Q

Areas in a city that are devoted to where people live rather than to commercial or industrial functions

A

Residential Zone

45
Q

Houses pass from one social group to another

A

Filtering

46
Q

Stores that have been successful

A

Big-box retail

47
Q

The movement of commerce out of cities to suburbs where rents are cheaper and commutes for employees are shorter

A

Suburbanization of business

48
Q

Refers to a local entity that is all under the same jurisdiction, one way of referring to the political and legal aspect of a city

A

Municipality

49
Q

The process of adding land to a city’s legally defined territory

A

Annexation

50
Q

The act of legally joining together to form a new city

A

Incorporation

51
Q

Commuter suburbs within the larger metro area

A

Bedroom Communities

52
Q

When this occurs, certain elements of government are handled jointly, across numerous separate municipalities, while the other elements of local government continue to be handled by individual municipalities

A

Consolidation

53
Q

Districts that attempt to solve a specific need, such as for public transportation, over a larger region

A

Special Districts

54
Q

Populated regions do not fall within the legal boundary of any city or municipality

A

Unincorporated areas

55
Q

Contiguous geographic regions that function as the building blocks of a census

A

Census tracts

56
Q

A densely populated area that may be very small, consisting of a single block bounded by four streets

A

Census Block

57
Q

Uses qualitative and quantitative data in order to gain an overall understanding of the lives and characteristics of people living within urban areas

A

Social area analysis

58
Q

The regions just outside the central business districts in North American cities, to densely settled peripheral suburbs in Europe, to the squatter settlements and favelas of less developed countries

A

Inner Cities

59
Q

People who face social hardships that contribute to their poverty

A

Underclass

60
Q

A way of living that reflects a lack of income and accumulated wealth

A

Culture of poverty

61
Q

The process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas

A

Redlining

62
Q

Involves renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up

A

Urban redevelopment

63
Q

Laws allow the government to seize land for public use after paying owners the market value for their property

A

Eminent domains

64
Q

The process of wealthier residents moving into a neighborhood and making it unaffordable for existing residents

A

Gentrification

65
Q

An approach aimed at helping with public housing in which public housing was dispersed throughout areas of the city

A

Scattered site

66
Q

Urban zones that lack food stores and contribute to health problems for poorer urban residents

A

Food deserts

67
Q

People of one ethnic group, usually middle-class whites, would be frightened into selling their homes at low prices when they heard that a family of another group, usually African American or Hispanic, was moving into the neighborhood

A

Blockbusting

68
Q

Areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination

A

Ghettos

69
Q

Where new residents can be close to religious institutions, stores that sell familiar goods, and friends and relatives who speak their language

A

Urban colony

70
Q

Buses, subways, light rail and trains operated by a government agency

A

Public transportation

71
Q

The portion of the economy that is not taxed, regulated, or managed by the government

A

Informal economy

72
Q

Streets lined with tall buildings, can channel intensifying wind. Also block out natural sunlight from reaching the ground

A

Urban canyon

73
Q

A portion of a city warmer than surrounding regions

A

Urban Heat Island

74
Q

Rats, raccoons and pigeons that thrive in cities, but they can spread diseases and become a nuisance to people

A

Urban Wildlife

75
Q

The rapid spread of development outward from the inner city

A

Urban sprawl

76
Q

Developers purchase land beyond the periphery of the city’s built-up area in a process called

A

Leapfrogging

77
Q

Long-term viability

A

Sustainability

78
Q

Areas of undeveloped land around an urban area

A

Greenbelts

79
Q

A set of policies to preserve farmland and other open, undeveloped spaces near a city

A

Smart growth

80
Q

A concept that aims to reduce sprawl, increase affordable housing, and creating vibrant, livable neighborhoods

A

New urbanism

81
Q

Neighborhoods that have a mix of homes and businesses

A

Mixed-use neighborhood

82
Q

The process of building up underused lands within a city

A

Urban infill

83
Q

The counter-flow of urban residents leaving cities

A

Counter-urbanization or deurbanization

84
Q

Densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and without sufficient public services for electricity, water and sewage

A

Informal settlements

85
Q

Small-scale merchants congregate weekly or yearly, to sell their goods

A

Periodic markets

86
Q

Financial subsidies to help low-income residents with the cost of housing

A

Public housing

87
Q

Traditional outdoor markets or covered bazaars that are along major roads that run from the gates to the center of cities

A

Suqs

88
Q

The process of developing towns and cities that does not end when a city is formed

A

Urbanization

89
Q

A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions

A

Urban hierarchy

A.P. Human Geography (5 decks)

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