Cities and Urban Land Use

Question 1

The permanently uninhabited portion of the earth’s surface

Answer 1

Ecumene

Question 2

The process of people moving, usually from cities, to residential areas on the outskirts of cities

Answer 2

Suburbaniztion

Question 3

areas (farms and villages) with low concentration of people

Answer 3

Rural

Question 4

Some suburbanites return to live in the city

Answer 4

Reurbanization

Question 5

Moving farther out into rural areas and work remotely

Answer 5

Exurbanization

Question 6

An established town near a very large city grows into a city independent of the larger one

Answer 6

Satellite City

Question 7

Areas generally associated with river valleys in which seasonal floods and fertile soils aided in the production of an agricultural surplus

Answer 7

Urban hearths

Question 8

Another way to define a city

Answer 8

Metropolitan Area

Question 9

Cities of more than 10,000 inhabitants (but less than 50,000)

Answer 9

Micropolitan Statistical Area

Question 10

The population of cities, as compared to other areas, contains a great variety of people

Answer 10

Social heterogeneity

Question 11

Describes urban growth based on transportation technology

Answer 11

Borchert’s Model

Question 12

Cities shaped by the distances people could walk

Answer 12

Pedestrian Cities

Question 13

Communities that grew up along rail lines, emerged, often created pin-wheel shaped cities

Answer 13

Streetcar Suburbs

Question 14

An interdependent set of cities within a region

Answer 14

Urban System

Question 15

Describes one way in which the sizes of cities within a region may develop

Answer 15

Rank-size Rule

Question 16

If the largest city in an urban system is more than twice as large as the next largest city, the largest city is said to have primacy

Answer 16

Primate City

Question 17

Theory developed to explain the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region

Answer 17

Central Place Theory

Question 18

An area that surrounds each central place, for which it provides goods and services and from which it draws its population

Answer 18

Market Area

Question 19

The size of population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable

Answer 19

Threshold

Question 20

The worlds largest cities that typically have more than ten million people

Answer 20

Megacities

Question 21

Cities that exert influence far beyond their national boundaries

Answer 21

World Cities or Global Cities

Question 22

A chain of connected cities

Answer 22

Megalopolis

Question 23

A single, uninterrupted urban area

Answer 23

Conurbation

Question 24

The idea that portions of an urban area–regions, or zones, within the city–have specific and distinct purposes

Answer 24

Functional Zonation

Question 25

The commercial heart of a city

Answer 25

Central Business District (CBD)

Question 26

Describes a city as a series of rings that surrounds a central business district

Answer 26

Concentric Zone Model

Question 27

The first ring surrounding the CBD that includes industrial uses mixed with poorer quality housing

Answer 27

Zone of Transition

Question 28

Also known as the Concentric Zone Model, ____ described three additional rings, all residential

Answer 28

Burgess Model

Question 29

A different way of looking at cities invented by Homer Hoyt, describes how different types of land use growing outward from CBD *Read paragraph 3 on page 321 for a more in-depth definition*

Answer 29

Sector Model

Question 30

Describes sectors of land use for low-, medium-, and high- income housing. The model also notes a sector for transportation extending from the edge to the center of the city

Answer 30

Hoyt's Model

Question 31

Studies changes in cities in the 1940s. This model suggested that functional zonation occurred around multiple centers

Answer 31

Multiple-nuclei Model

Question 32

A variant of the multiple-nuclei model, describes suburban neighborhoods surrounding an inner city and served by nodes of commercial activity along a ring road or beltway

Answer 32

Peripheral Model

Question 33

Describes the spread of U.S. cities outward from the CBD to the suburbs, leaving a declining inner city

Answer 33

Galactic City Model

Question 34

Nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities

Answer 34

Edge Cities

Question 35

Often used to describe Latin American cities, places a two-part CBD at the center of the city: a traditional market center adjacent to a modern high-rise center

Answer 35

Griffen-Ford Model

Question 36

Characterized by poverty, lack of infrastructure, and areas of poorly built housing

Answer 36

Perférico

Question 37

A neighborhood where extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness are common

Answer 37

Favelas or Barrios

Question 38

Areas not connected to city services and under the control of drug lords and gangs

Answer 38

Disamenity Zone

Question 39

Has broad, straight avenues and large homes, parks, and administrative centers

Answer 39

Colonial CBD

Question 40

A fort designed to protect the city, with its related palace and barracks for soldiers

Answer 40

Citadel

Question 41

Describes the land use in many of the larger cities in Southeast Asia

Answer 41

McGee Model

Question 42

Regulations that define how property in specific geographic regions can be used

Answer 42

Zoning Ordinances

Question 43

A process of promoting growth and controlling change in land use

Answer 43

Urban Planning

Question 44

Areas in a city that are devoted to where people live rather than to commercial or industrial functions

Answer 44

Residential Zone

Question 45

Houses pass from one social group to another

Answer 45

Filtering

Question 46

Stores that have been successful

Answer 46

Big-box retail

Question 47

The movement of commerce out of cities to suburbs where rents are cheaper and commutes for employees are shorter

Answer 47

Suburbanization of business

Question 48

Refers to a local entity that is all under the same jurisdiction, one way of referring to the political and legal aspect of a city

Answer 48

Municipality

Question 49

The process of adding land to a city's legally defined territory

Answer 49

Annexation

Question 50

The act of legally joining together to form a new city

Answer 50

Incorporation

Question 51

Commuter suburbs within the larger metro area

Answer 51

Bedroom Communities

Question 52

When this occurs, certain elements of government are handled jointly, across numerous separate municipalities, while the other elements of local government continue to be handled by individual municipalities

Answer 52

Consolidation

Question 53

Districts that attempt to solve a specific need, such as for public transportation, over a larger region

Answer 53

Special Districts

Question 54

Populated regions do not fall within the legal boundary of any city or municipality

Answer 54

Unincorporated areas

Question 55

Contiguous geographic regions that function as the building blocks of a census

Answer 55

Census tracts

Question 56

A densely populated area that may be very small, consisting of a single block bounded by four streets

Answer 56

Census Block

Question 57

Uses qualitative and quantitative data in order to gain an overall understanding of the lives and characteristics of people living within urban areas

Answer 57

Social area analysis

Question 58

The regions just outside the central business districts in North American cities, to densely settled peripheral suburbs in Europe, to the squatter settlements and favelas of less developed countries

Answer 58

Inner Cities

Question 59

People who face social hardships that contribute to their poverty

Answer 59

Underclass

Question 60

A way of living that reflects a lack of income and accumulated wealth

Answer 60

Culture of poverty

Question 61

The process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas

Answer 61

Redlining

Question 62

Involves renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up

Answer 62

Urban redevelopment

Question 63

Laws allow the government to seize land for public use after paying owners the market value for their property

Answer 63

Eminent domains

Question 64

The process of wealthier residents moving into a neighborhood and making it unaffordable for existing residents

Answer 64

Gentrification

Question 65

An approach aimed at helping with public housing in which public housing was dispersed throughout areas of the city

Answer 65

Scattered site

Question 66

Urban zones that lack food stores and contribute to health problems for poorer urban residents

Answer 66

Food deserts

Question 67

People of one ethnic group, usually middle-class whites, would be frightened into selling their homes at low prices when they heard that a family of another group, usually African American or Hispanic, was moving into the neighborhood

Answer 67

Blockbusting

Question 68

Areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination

Answer 68

Ghettos

Question 69

Where new residents can be close to religious institutions, stores that sell familiar goods, and friends and relatives who speak their language

Answer 69

Urban colony

Question 70

Buses, subways, light rail and trains operated by a government agency

Answer 70

Public transportation

Question 71

The portion of the economy that is not taxed, regulated, or managed by the government

Answer 71

Informal economy

Question 72

Streets lined with tall buildings, can channel intensifying wind. Also block out natural sunlight from reaching the ground

Answer 72

Urban canyon

Question 73

A portion of a city warmer than surrounding regions

Answer 73

Urban Heat Island

Question 74

Rats, raccoons and pigeons that thrive in cities, but they can spread diseases and become a nuisance to people

Answer 74

Urban Wildlife

Question 75

The rapid spread of development outward from the inner city

Answer 75

Urban sprawl

Question 76

Developers purchase land beyond the periphery of the city's built-up area in a process called

Answer 76

Leapfrogging

Question 77

Long-term viability

Answer 77

Sustainability

Question 78

Areas of undeveloped land around an urban area

Answer 78

Greenbelts

Question 79

A set of policies to preserve farmland and other open, undeveloped spaces near a city

Answer 79

Smart growth

Question 80

A concept that aims to reduce sprawl, increase affordable housing, and creating vibrant, livable neighborhoods

Answer 80

New urbanism

Question 81

Neighborhoods that have a mix of homes and businesses

Answer 81

Mixed-use neighborhood

Question 82

The process of building up underused lands within a city

Answer 82

Urban infill

Question 83

The counter-flow of urban residents leaving cities

Answer 83

Counter-urbanization or deurbanization

Question 84

Densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and without sufficient public services for electricity, water and sewage

Answer 84

Informal settlements

Question 85

Small-scale merchants congregate weekly or yearly, to sell their goods

Answer 85

Periodic markets

Question 86

Financial subsidies to help low-income residents with the cost of housing

Answer 86

Public housing

Question 87

Traditional outdoor markets or covered bazaars that are along major roads that run from the gates to the center of cities

Answer 87

Suqs

Question 88

The process of developing towns and cities that does not end when a city is formed

Answer 88

Urbanization

Question 89

A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions

Answer 89

Urban hierarchy