Industry Flashcards
LEDCs
high percentage of workforce in primary industries
low employed in tertiary due to lack of affluence and leisure time
little secondary industry due to lack of money to invest in industry and poor infrastructure and lack of technological knowledge
MEDCs
high percentage of workers in tertiary due to greater disposable income and leisure time
low primary employment due to mechanization of farming, exhaustion of raw materials
secondary employment falling due to high cost of labor and mechanization
NICs
highest employed in secondary where there is a large supply of cheap, well educated labour e.g.- China
transnational companies take advantage of this
location of industries - Raw materials
heavy industries use heavy raw materials and must locate close to the source to reduce transport costs
Location of industries - Site
Factories need flat, well drained, cheap sites not too close to residential areas.
Prefer greenfield sites on edge of city where there is room for expansion
Location of industries - Energy
water power from rivers or steam from coal
electricity grids have reduced the importance of this factor.
Location of industry - ports
ideal for importing raw materials and exporting finished products
Location of industry - capital
money needed to finance industries is more readily available in MEDCs
Location of industry - labour
industries needing large, cheap, unskilled/ semi skilled workforce e.g. clothing locate in NICs or LEDCs
Those requiring highly skilled workforce locate in MEDCs often close to universities
Location of industry - Transport
Access to good transport infrastructure is essential to industries moving labour, raw materials and finished products
Location of industry - Markets
large consumer base willing and able to buy the product is essential
Location of industries - Governments
attract industries to locate in certain regions with poverty/ unemployment
assisted areas in the UK and countries by promises of land, tax concessions, subsides and grants, training and infrastructure
TNCs
Usually headquartered in a MEDC but produce their product/ service in many countries.
Pros of TNCs
provides lots of jobs
improves skills of local population
Brings investment and Foreign currency
Tax revenues help govt
increases GDP - better incomes
Growth of support industries and customer demand
Cons of TNCs
workers poorly paid
pollution and waste unregulated
Poor working conditions
Profits go Overseas
