Development Flashcards
Development
Change for the better
Usually involves the use of resources to create ‘economic’ change, which improves peoples standard of living
Indicators to assess level of development in a country
Standard of living (economic) - wealth, material goods, necessities etc.g income, employment, education, healthcare
Quality of life (social) - “happiness” : intangible things such as friends, family, freedom, rights, equality, safety
GDP
Cross domestic product is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country within a specific time period
Human development index
Life expectancy
Education- many years of schooling and high literacy rate
Standard of living- Gross national income
HDI= (LE + ALR + GDP) / 3
Development gap
Describes the gap in development of two geographical areas.
More industrialized northern hemisphere and more rural southern hemisphere of the world
Why is there a gap in development
Physical resources- natural soil quality, agricultural potential, harsh environments
Social- education levels and workforce skills, infrastructure quality, population levels and dependency levels
Economic- stage of industrial development, dependency on particular industries, globalization trends
Political- corruption, the legacy of colonialism, level of debt
MEDCs
High GNP
Low birth and death rates
High levels of literacy
Export mainly manufactured goods
Most people have access to clean water and sanitation
LEDCs
Low GNP
High birth rates
Falling death rate
Low levels of literacy
Limited access to safe water and sanitation
Globalization
The process by which people, their cultures, money, goods and information can be transferred between countries with few or no barriers
Globalization has been aided by:
Improved transport
Computer & internet technology
Global trade
New markets
Transnational corporations
Pros of TNCs
Provides lots of jobs
Improve skills of local population
Brings investments and foreign currency
Tax revenue helps government improve services
Increases GDP - better incomes
Cons of TNCs
Workers poorly paid
Pollution and waste unregulated
Poor working conditions
Profits go overseas
