Industry

Question 1

Who was the main finance minister under Alexander II

Answer 1

Reutern

Question 2

What expanded under Reutern/Alex II

Answer 2

Railway by 7 fold, oil by 10 fold, coal by 15 fold

Question 3

Example of foreign expertise

Answer 3

John Hughes, employed 1871 and by 1884 had the largest producer of pig iron in Russia

Question 4

What happened to industrial output under Alex II

Answer 4

It doubled

Question 5

When was the peasant land bank introduced

Answer 5

1883

Question 6

Medele’ev tariff?

Answer 6

1891 - caused famine - 400,000 died

Question 7

Who was Witte

Answer 7

finance minister 1892-1903 (later PM)

Question 8

What happened under Witte

Answer 8

pig Iron x3, oil x3, railway increased by around 13,000km

Question 9

What economic growth rate under Witte

Answer 9

8% in 1890s

Question 10

Urban poor under Witte?

Answer 10

1 mil population increase in Moscow and St Petersburg, 11.5 hr working day, only 1/3 of St Petersburg had running water

Question 11

Stolypin?

Answer 11

Finance minister and PM - during Nicholas II post 1905

Question 12

Growth under Stolypin

Answer 12

GDP increased by 3.5% and GNP by 96%, 6% economic growth rate, 50% national income increase (70% in Britain)
BUT industry only 20% of national income

Question 13

Heavy industry under Stolypin?

Answer 13

pig iron X3, oil X3, coal X4

Question 14

Workers under Stolypin

Answer 14

cholera - 14,000 died in outbreak, strikes increased towards WW1 - 200 to 3500

Question 15

Lena Goldfields?

Answer 15

1912 - Striking workers for better pay and conditions - shot and 200 dead, 400 injured

Question 16

Lenin’s first policies?

Answer 16

State Capitalism/Decree on Land (v short) and then War communism

Question 17

Impacts of War communism on industry

Answer 17

Coal production decreased by 20 mil tons, pig iron production almost stops (down to 0.1mil/yr) industrial workers halved by 1920, inflation at 1,000,000%, 90% paid in good not money

Question 18

What happened in 1921-2 famine

Answer 18

5 million dead, lots in cities

Question 19

Industry under NEP

Answer 19

industrial production increases by more than 5 fold (2 to 11 bil roubles), pig iron increases by 20X, steel increases by 15X, electricity by 2x

Question 20

Dates of NEP

Answer 20

1921-8

Question 21

Classes that developed during NEP

Answer 21

Nepmen - entrepreneurs and Kulaks - richer peasants

Question 22

What was Stalin’s key policy

Answer 22

5 year plans

Question 23

First 2 plans impact

Answer 23

Coal increased by 3.5x, oil increased more than 2X, pig iron increased by more than 4X, electricity by 7200X, workers in state employment more than doubled (27 mil),

Question 24

Workers during 5 year plans under Stalin

Answer 24

12 hour days, labour books, Gulags - held 2.5-3.5 million people, 1/5 of meat and fish consumed vs 1900, internal passports reintroduced

Question 25

Stalin during WW2

Answer 25

Industry stayed strong, production did drop but war goods produced at a large scale - 1943 more produced than Germany

Question 26

Post WW2 Stalin

Answer 26

Industrial workers increased to 77 million - women now joined

Question 27

When were Khrushchev’s 5/7 year plans launched

Answer 27

1956 and 7YP in 1599

Question 28

1956 5YP?

Answer 28

Abandoned after 2 years due to unrealistic targets

Question 29

Industry under Khru

Answer 29

electricity X5, coal increased by 180 mil tons, 50% of households had a TV and washing machine by 1968

Question 30

Workers under Khru

Answer 30

Living standards increased, free gas, better housing - no shared kitchen/washing, no longer overcrowded, shorter working day (7hrs) and Sundays returned

Question 31

Moscow population 1882 - 1917 - shows why decreased living standards

Answer 31

Population more than doubles

Question 32

Number of strikes during WW1 vs WW2

Answer 32

3500 vs 0

Question 33

Why even worse living conditions in Petrograd due to WW1

Answer 33

1916 - 100,000 refugees in Petrograd
1917 - very poor harvest