Agriculture and peasantry

Question 1

When was emancipation

Answer 1

1861

Question 2

When was the Bezdna unrest and what happened?

Answer 2

1861 - uprising fired upon with 100 kiled

Question 3

What happened to poll tax under Alexander II

Answer 3

Increased by 80%

Question 4

How much less land did peasants have to farm after emancipation?

Answer 4

20%

Question 5

Under Alex II military service reduced to …

Answer 5

6 years (vs 25 before)

Question 6

Peasant children in primary school under Alex II

Answer 6

450,000 to over 1 million by 1878

Question 7

% of peasant representation in zemstva (Alex II)

Answer 7

38% in lower zemstva and 10.5% in upper

Question 8

What happened in 1883? (Alex III)

Answer 8

Peasant Land bank introduced

Question 9

What happened to taxes under Vyshnegadskii (Alex III)

Answer 9

increased by 29%

Question 10

What happened to peasant allotments under Alex III

Answer 10

size decreased by 54%

Question 11

What was abolished in 1886 (Alex III)

Answer 11

Poll tax

Question 12

How many died in the 1891 famine (Alex III)

Answer 12

Around 400,000

Question 13

Grain production increased by how much up to 1913 under Nicholas II

Answer 13

27%

Question 14

When were redemption payments abolished?

Answer 14

1905 under Nicholas II

Question 15

When was the duma created

Answer 15

1905

Question 16

What happened to literacy rates under Nich II

Answer 16

51% un 1897 to 82% in 1920

Question 17

What happened to grain production in WW1

Answer 17

dropped by 21%

Question 18

How many peasants died 1914-1917

Answer 18

700,000

Question 19

What decree did Lenin pass in 1917 and what did it cause

Answer 19

Decree on Land - all private land handed out but as state controlled farms - 28% of Russia’s agricultural land was private

Question 20

What did the 1921-2 famine cause

Answer 20

5 million deaths

Question 21

What was Lenin’s policy that caused hardship 1917-21

Answer 21

War communism

Question 22

How many people were in collective farms under Lenin

Answer 22

18 million

Question 23

When was agricultural production restored to pre war levels

Answer 23

1926

Question 24

How much did grain production increase under NEP

Answer 24

22.5 million tonnes/year after 4 years - up to 72.5 mil years

Question 25

How many party officials and factory workers were sent to the countryside to assist the harvest under Stalin

Answer 25

100,000

Question 26

By 1930 and 1937 how much of Russia was collectivised

Answer 26

Stalin claimed 1930 - 53%, 1937 - 93%

Question 27

How many people died in the 1932 and 1933-4 famines

Answer 27

13 million people

Question 28

How many kulak families were deported under Stalin

Answer 28

3 million

Question 29

How low were agricultural wages on collective farms

Answer 29

Less than 20% of industrial wages

Question 30

How many Russian civilians died in WW2

Answer 30

19 million

Question 31

How many villages destroyed during WW2

Answer 31

70,000

Question 32

What was the virgin lands scheme, successes/failures

Answer 32

Scheme to expand agricultural land beyond Ural mountains, increased faming area by 70mil acres but poor harvests (1963) led to failed scheme, had to import wheat from Canada and USA

Question 33

What was the agricultural output under Khru

Answer 33

110 mil tonnes per year

Question 34

area of top soil blown off by wind in virgin land scheme

Answer 34

10 million hectares blown off 1956-8