Government Flashcards
When did A2 introduce the Committee of Ministers
1861
When was the zemstva introduced
1864
Uses of army to repress peasant uprisings after emancipation
449
What was the Bezdna unrest, who led it and how many died
Peasant unrest in 1861 led by Anton Petrov, believing that the peasants had misunderstood Emancipation and were totally free. Put down by the army, killing 300 peasants
What was the name of A3’s manifesto and when was it published
The ‘manifesto on Unshakeable Democracy’ - April 1881
What proposal did A3 reject
Loris Melikov - plan for semi constitutional government/elected assembly
When was the Okhrana created and why
1881 - in response to A2’s assassination
How can A3’s early repression be explemplified
a crackdown began immediately, execution of the five People’s Will assassins, a nationwide police offensive and 10,000 arrests
How did A3 reduce the power of local govt
Reduced peasant representation and the power of the zemtva (such as over education)
Introduced Land Captains - local law enforcement and to supervise and control vemstvo
What type of censorship did A3 introduce
Pre-publication censorship
How did Nicholas II show he was committed to autocracy
1906 Fundamental Laws and reluctance to reform
When was the State Duma created
1905
What happened in the 1st (also the 2nd) Duma
Widespread representation across nationalities and different parties. Radical discussions took place such as demanding land reform
What did N2 do to the 1st Duma (and 2nd)
Dissolved it after just 2 months
Dissolved the 2nd after 105 days
What did N2 do in 1907
Introduced new regulations on Duma elections and a manifesto on the Dissolution of the Duma
How many were killed during the events of Bloody Sunday
1000s
How many protestors at Bloody Sunday
up to 50,000
What did Bloody Sunday trigger
the 1905 revolution leading to the October manifesto
Example of repression after the 1905 manifesto
Lena Goldfields massacre - 270 killed
What did the 1906 Fundamental Laws do
Re-established the tsar’s supreme powers - allowed him to shut the Duma down (was done 4 times)
Allowed for a more active secret police
It allowed the tsar to have ultimate power of the State Duma and its ministers - he had an absolute veto over any legislation
What reform under Alexander III allowed for more repression
The Statute of State Security in 1881 - the authorities had the right to:
prohibit gatherings of more than 12 people, suspend periodicals, close schools and universities, dismiss
local employees, prosecute any individual for political crimes.
How did A3 use the legal system for repression
Special government-controlled courts operated outside the legal system, and all judges, magistrates and officials sympathetic to the revolution were sacked
How did Lenin change central government
introduced the Sovnarkom, Congress of the Soviets and the Central Executive Committee to rule this - as well as Politburo which ultimately made the decisions
How did Lenin change local government
Local soviets represented communist party officials in the localities and the system of governments elected representatives for each wider body above it
