Industrialization + Population

Question 1

Industrialization

Answer 1

development of industries in a country or a region by a wide range

Question 2

Industrial Revolution

Answer 2

Transition from hand-making goods to using machines. (18th-19th century) - sugar, wheat and copper industries mainly depended on these in Britain

Question 3

IR cons

Answer 3

• Exploitation - wage labourers
• Children forced to work for no money in exchange for food and a bed
• Rural life patterns ruined (extended family becomes nuclear, less support)
• colonized people forced to farm sugar

Question 4

Women in IR

Answer 4

• spun textiles for use at home and for the market
• Agriculture and domestic service
• Working at a factory = higher financial status
• Married women often left the workforce

Question 5

IR pros

Answer 5

• Increased employment opportunities
• Increased population
• increase in wealth, production of products
• increased urbanization

Question 6

IR Migration

Answer 6

• Lots of people moved to lots of new places. Many of them were enslaved people, forced to cross oceans and work under horrible conditions for no pay.
• Many Europeans, Chinese, and Indians also chose to migrate to the Americas from as populations in their home countries increased and economic opportunities decreased.
• Effectively increased urbanization all over the world as people moved to cities.

Question 7

Immigration vs Emigration

Answer 7

Immigrant - To come into another country to live permanently
Emigrant - To leave one’s country to go live in another

Question 8

Types of Migration

Answer 8

• Illegal
• Legal
• Forced (Rohingya forced to flee due to escape Myanmar conflict)
• Refugees (Syria)
• Voluntary
• Involuntary (forced displacement) (Afghanistan)

Question 9

Push and pull factors

Answer 9

Push - war, political instability, famine and drought, etc
Pull - Political stability, job opportunities/lots of jobs, natural resources, better learning institutions, climate, better medical care

Question 10

Population density

Answer 10

Amount of people living in an area/piece of land
Total population/Total Area

Question 11

Sparsely/Densely populated

Answer 11

Sparsely - Less population in a large area
Densely - Large population in a small area

Question 12

Population explosion

Answer 12

Sudden increase in the number of individuals in an area due to reasons such as high fertility rate, international migration, falling mortality rate, poverty etc.

Question 13

Pro/anti-natalist

Answer 13

encouraging/discouraging people to have children
Pro-natalist - Japan - planning to offer couples extra money for having children, shops offer discounts to bigger families, Russia
Anti-natalist - China (used to be single child population), India

Question 14

Stage 1 - High Stationary

Answer 14

• High birth and death rate
• Famine, disease, war
• High infant mortality, low life expectancy
• Main occupation - agriculture
• Low population

Question 15

Stage 2 - Early Expanding

Answer 15

• Death rate falls due to improvement in health care and sanitation
• Birth rate is high
• Total population grows quickly
• Improvement in agricultural technology leading to higher food supply
• Better nutrition, water supply, sewage, and personal hygiene and improvement in public health system .
• Increase in female literacy combined with public health education programs

Question 16

Stage 3 - Late Expanding

Answer 16

• Contraception awareness lowers birth rate
• Death rate stays low - medical facilities
• Increase in status and education of women
• Total population keeps increasing
• Cost of living increases, standard of living increases
• Life expectancy increases, infant mortality decreases

Question 17

Stage 4 - Low Stationary

Answer 17

• Low birth and death rate
• Total population is high but balanced by death and birth rate
• Desire for smaller families - birth control

Question 18

Stage 5 - Natural Decrease

Answer 18

• Low birth rate along with an aging population leads to declining population
• Death rates may remain consistently low or increase slightly due to increases in lifestyle diseases like obesity, stress and diabetic.
• Birth rates may drop to well below replacement level