Industrialisation and the making of an economic titan (1860-1997)

Question 1

Water transport - what was founded in 1872?

Answer 1

China Merchants’ Steam Navigation Company

Question 2

How many European steamship companies used the Yangtze river by 1881?

Answer 2

7

Question 3

What allowed Europeans to roam the Yangtze freely?

Answer 3

Extraterritoriality provision of Treaty of Nanjing (1842)

Question 4

How many trade ships had the Qing government invested in by 1877?

Answer 4

33

Question 5

How did Japan hinder China’s progress in water transport?

Answer 5

Bombed USS Panay and HMS Bee in 1937

Question 6

First foreign intervention in Chinese railways?

Answer 6

1876 - Britain builds railway at Baoshan

Question 7

When was the Manchurian railway opened and what did it achieve?

Answer 7

1903 - improved communication between Manchuria and Russia

Question 8

How many miles of railway did the PRC build between 1949 and 1964?

Answer 8

700 miles a year (10,500 miles in total)

Question 9

How many peasants were employed to build railways in 1957?

Answer 9

10,000

Question 10

1936 - miles of railway compared to miles of road

Answer 10

Railways: 10,000 miles
Road: 71,457 miles
Chiang valued roads over railways

Question 11

What did Britain and the USA use the Burma Road for 1937-1942?

Answer 11

Supply GMD with 20,000 tonnes of resources to fight Japan

Question 12

When and how was China’s communications linked to Europe?

Answer 12

1871 - Using electric telegraph via Singapore and India

Question 13

How many telegraph stations in China by 1887?

Answer 13

76

Question 14

Who did China acquire fighter jet technology from?

Answer 14

USSR in the 1950s

Question 15

What government action helped the aviation industry grow after 1985?

Answer 15

Civil Aviation Administration made independent from government control

Question 16

How much did passenger air travel increase by between 1979 and 1989?

Answer 16

436%

Question 17

Number of textile workers in Shanghai in 1921 and 1930?

Answer 17

1921: 20,000
1931: 131,000

Question 18

How much money did Japan invest in Manchuria between 1931 and 1945?

Answer 18

$1.5bn in roads, rail, factories, mines, harbours etc

Question 19

How much did the value of Manchuoko increase by during the Japanese occupation?

Answer 19

From 160 million yen to 1 billion yen

Question 20

How many major industrial developments occurred in the first five year plan (1953-57)?

Answer 20

694

Question 21

Steel production per year 1953 and 1957?

Answer 21

1953: 1.3 million
1957: 5.2 million

Question 22

Government spending on economic development 1950 and 1957?

Answer 22

1950: 25.5%
1957: 51.4%

Question 23

How did foreigners help the first five year plan?

Answer 23

2 billion roubles loan from USSR

Question 24

How many hydroelectric power stations were built in 1949?

Answer 24

33

Question 25

What proportion of the population were involved in digging dams for hydroelectric power in 1958?

Answer 25

17%

Question 26

Customs revenue in 1865 and 1885 (self strengthening movement)?

Answer 26

1865: 8.5 million taels
1885: 14.5 million teals

Question 27

What was created in 1919 as part of the New Culture Movement?

Answer 27

Shanghai Commercial Association - boycotted Japanese good to boost domestic production

Question 28

How did Chinese merchants ensure they got fair prices for goods (1915-24)?

Answer 28

Kept places on trade committees in treaty ports

Question 29

How did the USSR aid China’s development of Soviet Marxism?

Answer 29

Sent economic advisers to China in 1950

Question 30

Percentage of industry that was heavy industry in 1949 and 1952?

Answer 30

1949: 26%
1952: 42%

Question 31

How was grain output increased during the Maoist period of Marxism?

Answer 31

Agrarian Land Reform in 1950

Enforced sharing of farming equipment

Question 32

Annual growth in economy 1981-1993?

Answer 32

9.6%

Question 33

How many employees were there at the Special Economic Zone of Shenzen in 1992?

Answer 33

3 million

Question 34

What did Li Honghzhang introduce to China?

Answer 34

Electric telegraph and postal service

Question 35

Where did Li Honghzhang make the centre of Chinese industry?

Answer 35

Zhilli - coal mines, railways, steam ship company

Question 36

What did Sheng Xuanhuai do in 1897?

Answer 36

Established the Central Bank of China

Question 37

What was the value of loans issued by the Central Bank of China by 1899?

Answer 37

$8 million

Question 38

What did T.V. Soong found in 1931?

Answer 38

National Economic Council - gave loans for specific projects in China

Question 39

How much did government revenue increase by in two years in the 1920s? How did Soong do it?

Answer 39

100% - Soong had implemented his simplified tax code

Question 40

How much did bank savings increase by between 1920 and 1926 under Soong’s policies?

Answer 40

600%

Question 41

How many machine tools were there in China in 1957 due to Mao’s policies?

Answer 41

28,000

Question 42

What electrical output did Mao’s China achieve in 1957?

Answer 42

19.34 bn Kilowatts

Question 43

How much did GNI per capita fall by in 1969 due to Mao’s Culutral Revolution?

Answer 43

3%

Question 44

What percentage of the Chinese economy was in industry in 1977 and 1997?

Answer 44

1977: 38%
1997: 50%

Question 45

How did Deng develop China’s economy?

Answer 45

Incorporation of capitalism in Special Economic Zones

Question 46

How many Chinese peasants had moved to cities by 1997?

Answer 46

100 million