Industrial Revolution and Before (ch 22)

Question 0

Metternich

Answer 0

Austrian foreign minister who controlled the Congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace, conservatism, and the repression of liberal nationalism throughout Europe

Question 1

Trafalgar

Answer 1

(October 1805) Britain’s admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion if Britain now became impossible

Question 2

Castlereagh

Answer 2

British representative at Congress of Vienna

Question 3

The Hundred Days

Answer 3

The time from Napoleon’s return from exile on Elba to defeat at Waterloo

Question 4

Sir Richard Arkwright

Answer 4

Invented the water frame at almost the same time as the spinning jenny was invented

Question 5

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 5

Believed that public problems should be dealt with on a rational scientific basis. Believed in the idea of the greatest good for the greatest number. Wrote Principles of Morals and Legislation

Question 6

Edmund Cartwright

Answer 6

Inventor of the modern power loom

Question 7

Chartism

Answer 7

Agitation against poor laws–working class discontent

Question 8

Combination Acts

Answer 8

1799 and 1800–made trade unionism illegal

Question 9

The Communist Manifesto

Answer 9

Pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels– basis of socialism

Question 10

Corn Laws

Answer 10

1815 tariff on imported grain to protect domestic producers. Never worked well

Question 11

Henry Cort

Answer 11

Refined pig iron-puddling furnace-heavy rolling mills

Question 12

Benjamin Disraeli

Answer 12

British conservative–extended vote to loll middle class male workers, needed to broaden aristocratic voter base

Question 13

Friedrich Engels

Answer 13

Condition of Working Class in England–society’s problems caused by capitalism and competition. Colleague of Karl Marx

Question 14

Factory Act

Answer 14

Created factory work day for children between 9-13 to 8 hours a day. Not applicable to home. Outlawed child labor under 9–factory owners established schools. Destroyed family unit

Question 15

Charles Fourier

Answer 15

French social theorist–criticized capitalism–wanted socialist utopia and emancipation of women. Theory of Four Movements

Question 16

James Hargreaves

Answer 16

Invented spinning jenny in about 1705

Question 17

Industrialization

Answer 17

New inventions, cotton and iron. Changed small businesses beyond all recognition

Question 18

John Kay

Answer 18

Inventor of flying shuttle

Question 19

Laissez-fair Capitalism

Answer 19

Minimal governmental interference in the economic affairs. Adam Smith and Francois Quesnay

Question 20

Karl Marx

Answer 20

German
Father of socialism
Emancipation of women
Communist Manifesto

Question 21

Thomas Newcomen

Answer 21

1705 invented steam engine that used coal, very inefficient

Question 22

Robert Owen

Answer 22

Scottish spoke out about hiring children. Created mills in New Harmony

Question 23

Henry Palmerston

Answer 23

Hawkish English Foreign Minister during revolutions of 1848

Question 24

A People’s Charter

Answer 24

Draft of reform Bill which called for universal suffrage, payment of members of Parliament, and annual elections (6 main points)

Question 25

Poor Law

Answer 25

1834 aid to poor

Question 26

Reform Bill of 1867

Answer 26

1832 expanded Britain electorate encouraged middle class
Disriali major steps toward democracy

Question 27

Tory

Answer 27

Political party in Britain controlled by aristocracy

Question 28

Utopian Socialism

Answer 28

Ideal society based on socialist ideals

Louis Blanc and Charles Fouier

Question 29

James Watt

Answer 29

Added a condenser to Newcomen’s steam engine to make it more efficient. Led to steam becoming a viable source of power

Question 30

Whig

Answer 30

British party more responsive to commercial and manufacturing interests