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AP European History > Great War (ch 27) > Flashcards

Great War (ch 27) Flashcards

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0
Q

Berlin Conference (1885)

A

Laid down the rules for the conquest of Africa:

(1) european countries holding a coast inland
(2) occupation must be with real troops
(3) must give notice of which countries were occupied
(4) started the scramble for Africa

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1
Q

Balkan Wars

A

Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottomans in 1912. Serbia then fought Bulgaria in the second Balkan War in 1913 Austria intervened to stop the war

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2
Q

Black Hand

A

Ultra Nationalist, Serbian Society. Secretly supported by members of the Serbian government

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3
Q

Conscription

A

Forced retirement into the army to meet the needs of war. Charles I (1887-1922) was the last Austrian Emperor abdicated November 1918. The next day Austria was declared a Republic as was Hungary

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4
Q

Entente Cordial

A

Britain gained control of Egypt. France gained control of Morocco. No written alliance only an agreement. Basically against Germany

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5
Q

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

A

Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. Was assassinated in Sarajevo started WWI

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6
Q

Isolationism

A

Not becoming involved in global or regional events

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7
Q

Joseph Joffre

A

French General led the French at the Battle of the Marne

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8
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

Germany dismissed Bismark in 1890. Did not renew Bismark’s treaty with Russia and “forced” Russia to look for another ally (France)

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9
Q

Kruger Telegram

A

William II sent Kruger of the Transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the Jamson Raid. Alerted Britain of the dangers from Germany

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10
Q

TE Lawrence

A

Enigmatic English Col. Known as Lawrence of Arabia. Aroused the Arabs to revolt in 1917

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11
Q

VI Lenin

A

Believed in Marxist Socialism

(1) believed capitalism must be destroyed
(2) a social revolution was possible in backwards Russia
(3) the need for highly trained workers partly controlled by revolutionaries like himself

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12
Q

League of Nations

A

Allies worked out terms for peace with Germany (1919) precursor to the United States

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13
Q

Lusitania

A

Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 Americans killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare

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14
Q

Battle of Marne

A

A major French victory against the invading German army at the start of WWI. In reality lost Germany the war

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15
Q

Morocco Crisis (1911)

A

After the French received Morocco, Germany demanded an international conference
German bullying forced England and France closer
Germany gained nothing

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16
Q

Nicholas II

A

The last tsar. Wanted supreme rule of army and government. Led the armies to defeat. Forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Duma

17
Q

Gavrito Princip

A

The assassin of Franz Joseph of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

18
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

Treaty between Bolsheviks and Germans
(1) Russia list 1/3 of its population (2) height of Russian success in WWI
Signed by Lenin

19
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Negotiated by the Big Three Germany was stripped of colonies Alsace and Cormine given back to France. Poland was reconstituted as a state. Polish corridor would split Prussia from Germany. The Saar region would be French for 15 years. Heavy repurcussions (not specified)

20
Q

Battle of Verdun (1916)

A

German assault on the French fortress

Turned into a battle of attrition (France won)

21
Q

Triple Entente (1914)

A

Great Britain, France, and Russia

22
Q

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

A

President Wilson’s peace proposal in 1918 stressed national self-determination and the rights of the small countries. Freedom of the seas and free trade. Clemancceau said “god only had ten”

23
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

US president who led USA into WWI. He proposed the 14 points. He attended the peace conference at Versailles

24
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

German Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German minister in Mexico City telling h I’m to promise the Mexican President German help if Mexico went to war with the US. The telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British. Shocked the American public

25
Q

Army Order #1

A

Issued by the Petrograd soviet shipped offices of their authority and placed the power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers

26
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

In Russia 1905 Russian soldiers inadvertently opened fire on demonstrators, turning them against the tsar. Possibly the start of he revolution

27
Q

Bolsheviks

A

“Majority group”

28
Q

Cheka

A

Secret police set up by Lenin. Arrested “enemies of the revolution”

29
Q

Decembrist Revolt

A

Uprising in Russia mainly soldiers soon suppressed. First manifestation of the modern revolutionary movement inspired by ideology

30
Q

Fyodor Dostoevsky

A

Russian novelist

31
Q

Duma

A

Popular parliament

32
Q

Fundamental Laws

A

Issued by the Russian Government in 1906. The tsar retained great power. The Duma was elected by universal male suffrage. The Upper House could pass laws but the tsar had veto power

33
Q

Alexander Kerensky

A

Headed the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty

34
Q

General Kornilov

A

Wanted to be the savior of Russia. Tried to stage a coup. Demanded the resignation of all ministers. Kerensky ordered him to turn over command. Soldiers refused to follow him

35
Q

Kronstadt Revolt

A

Rebellion of previously loyal sailors at the naval base. Suppressed by the military. After the revolt Lenin introduced the NEP

36
Q

March Revolution

A

Bolsheviks become the leaders if Russia

37
Q

Mensheviks

A

“Minority group”

38
Q

Mir

A

Peasant village assembly responsible to the government

39
Q

“Peace, Bread, and Land”

A

Lenin’s slogan in the revolution. Peace from the war. Land for the peasants. Food for all

AP European History (6 decks)

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