Industrial Revolution Flashcards
What is the industrial revolution (1800s-early 20th century)?
The period when the U.S. economy went from agricultural to manufacturing.
What were the main benefits of industrial revolution (5)?
1) labor movement
2) “Better” pay for the working class
3) lower cost of goods due to mass production
4) technological advancements (telephone, cars, electricity, etc.)
5) Eventually, government regulation of business practices
What were the main woes of the industrial revolution (4)?
1) child labor
2) long working hours and hazardous working environments
3) poor sanitation and diseases due to overcrowding in cities
4) created increased demand for slave labor because of the cotton gin upped cotton use.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?
A bill that prohibited monopoly.
What is the Federal Reserve Act (1913)?
A bill that created the Federal Reserve System and the Central Bank to regulate monetary policies.
What is the relationship between the industrial revolution and immigration?
The plentiful jobs and the success stories poised the U.S. as a land of economic opportunity. This narrative of the U.S. attracted millions of immigrants throughout the 19th century.
Why did many of the 19th-century immigrants come to the U.S.?
Many came because of they wanted to gain economic prosperity, to escape political turmoil, or to attain religious freedom.
What was the significance of the 19th-century immigration (4)?
1) increased U.S. population
2) changed U.S. ethnic demography
3) brought cultural diversity
4) created social tension
Describe the First Wave of U.S. immigration
Occurred from 1820-1860.
The immigrants were mostly the Irish (1/3 of immigration) and Germans. Irish settled in cities close to the harbor, whereas Germans settled in midwestern cities.
This said, some of the immigrants were also Britons.
Describe the Second Wave of U.S. immigration
Occurred from 1880-until the 1924 quota legislation
The immigrants were mostly from South and Central Europe (e.g. Italy, Russia, Greece, Poland, etc.).
Americans were not very welcoming to these immigrants as they were to the immigrants of the First Wave.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
A legislation that prohibited Chinese immigration to the U.S.
What is the Gentlemen Agreement (1907)?
An informal agreement between Theodore Roosevelt and the Japanese government. The agreement was for the Japanese government to limit Japanese immigration to the U.S. to professional and business people in exchange for the integration of Japanese and White students in the U.S.
What is the Immigration Act of 1924?
A legislation that prohibited all Asian immigration to the U.S. and placed quotas on immigration from non-Western Europe.
What is the Ellis Island?
Operated from 1892-1954
It was an immigration station located on the tip of the Hudson River close to New York; it was used to inspect incoming immigrants “for quality.”
What Andrew Carnegie known for?
Steel tycoon