Industrial Microbiology 2 Flashcards
what is brewing
-Brewing is the term used to describe the manufacture of alcoholic beverages from malted grains
-Yeast is used to produce beer
what does top fermenting use
ales
what does bottom fermenting use
lagers
how is beer produced
produced by the fermentation o malted barley
how is ethyl alcohol produced
results from distillation of fermented fruits or grains
how are distilled alcoholic beverages made
made by heating previously fermented liquid to a temperature that volatilizes most of the alcohol
how is cheese formed
-CHEESE FORMS WHEN MILK PROTEIN CASEIN CURDLES BECAUSE OF THE ACTION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA OR THE ENZYME RENNIN
-Cheese is the curd separated from the lipid portion of milk called whey
what does bread fermentations involve
-Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-Aerobic conditions favour CO2 production-Kneading
-Lactic acid bacteria produce tart (sour) flavour sourdough and rye breads
what is Bacillus sphaericus
-Bacillus sphaericus kills two mosquito species if ingested
-Its genes were spliced into bacteria Asticcacaulis excentris to enhance: production, dissemination and the poison’s efficiency against other species
are fungal organisms on the rise
-Fungal Organisms Also Are Being Commercially Developed
-Yeast cells are grown in fermenter
-They are sold as dry yeast or compressed yeast cakes
-Many species of mushrooms are grown on farms
-High humidity and cool temperatures are required for mushroom growth
what is a commonly used biofuel
ethanol
what is the equation for biomass
biomass –> (bioconversion) methane or ethyl alcohol
how is biogas produced
-A simple process of utilizing a digester (container) to hold the wastes with anaerobic bacteria to produce methane, a gas which is ready for cooking, lighting and heating.
-In a methane biogas generator CH4, sludge and other organic waste is put in and digestate is pumped out.
how do biodegradable plastics work
-Polythene and polyester polyurethanes of low molecule mass are developed and can be degraded by microorganisms, Fungi
-e.g. Cladosporium resinae
-In general, more flexible plastics are broken down more easily than rigid ones.
-Microbes can exist in complex communities, called biofilms
what is biomediation
is the use of microorganisms to remove or decontaminate toxic materials in the environment
how can biomediation help clean pollution
-Naturally occurring Pseudomonas species can be stimulated to degrade oil in spills
-Species of Arthrobacter degrade oil and allow plant growth in spill regions
what do aerobic and anaerobic bacteria break down
-Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria can breakdown polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to: carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen chloride
-Bacteria can degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) in contaminated ground water
what are some products of GE microbes
-Other Mammalian Proteins and Products
-Genetically Engineered Vaccines
-Mining Genomes
-Engineering Metabolic Pathways
