Industrial Microbiology 2

Question 1

what is brewing

Answer 1

-Brewing is the term used to describe the manufacture of alcoholic beverages from malted grains
-Yeast is used to produce beer

Question 2

what does top fermenting use

Answer 2

ales

Question 3

what does bottom fermenting use

Answer 3

lagers

Question 4

how is beer produced

Answer 4

produced by the fermentation o malted barley

Question 5

how is ethyl alcohol produced

Answer 5

results from distillation of fermented fruits or grains

Question 6

how are distilled alcoholic beverages made

Answer 6

made by heating previously fermented liquid to a temperature that volatilizes most of the alcohol

Question 7

how is cheese formed

Answer 7

-CHEESE FORMS WHEN MILK PROTEIN CASEIN CURDLES BECAUSE OF THE ACTION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA OR THE ENZYME RENNIN
-Cheese is the curd separated from the lipid portion of milk called whey

Question 8

what does bread fermentations involve

Answer 8

-Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-Aerobic conditions favour CO2 production-Kneading
-Lactic acid bacteria produce tart (sour) flavour sourdough and rye breads

Question 9

what is Bacillus sphaericus

Answer 9

-Bacillus sphaericus kills two mosquito species if ingested
-Its genes were spliced into bacteria Asticcacaulis excentris to enhance: production, dissemination and the poison’s efficiency against other species

Question 10

are fungal organisms on the rise

Answer 10

-Fungal Organisms Also Are Being Commercially Developed
-Yeast cells are grown in fermenter
-They are sold as dry yeast or compressed yeast cakes
-Many species of mushrooms are grown on farms
-High humidity and cool temperatures are required for mushroom growth

Question 11

what is a commonly used biofuel

Answer 11

ethanol

Question 12

what is the equation for biomass

Answer 12

biomass –> (bioconversion) methane or ethyl alcohol

Question 13

how is biogas produced

Answer 13

-A simple process of utilizing a digester (container) to hold the wastes with anaerobic bacteria to produce methane, a gas which is ready for cooking, lighting and heating.
-In a methane biogas generator CH4, sludge and other organic waste is put in and digestate is pumped out.

Question 14

how do biodegradable plastics work

Answer 14

-Polythene and polyester polyurethanes of low molecule mass are developed and can be degraded by microorganisms, Fungi
-e.g. Cladosporium resinae
-In general, more flexible plastics are broken down more easily than rigid ones.
-Microbes can exist in complex communities, called biofilms

Question 15

what is biomediation

Answer 15

is the use of microorganisms to remove or decontaminate toxic materials in the environment

Question 16

how can biomediation help clean pollution

Answer 16

-Naturally occurring Pseudomonas species can be stimulated to degrade oil in spills
-Species of Arthrobacter degrade oil and allow plant growth in spill regions

Question 17

what do aerobic and anaerobic bacteria break down

Answer 17

-Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria can breakdown polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to: carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen chloride
-Bacteria can degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) in contaminated ground water

Question 18

what are some products of GE microbes

Answer 18

-Other Mammalian Proteins and Products
-Genetically Engineered Vaccines
-Mining Genomes
-Engineering Metabolic Pathways