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Microbiology > Fungi- Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Fungi- Lecture 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are eukaryotic microbes?

A

fungi, protists, algae and slime moulds

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2
Q

What does fungi contain?

A

cell walls

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3
Q

what do protists not contain?

A

no cell walls

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4
Q

What are fungi?

A

A Diverse group- based on morphology made up of
unicellular (yeasts)
multicellular (moulds) and are Chemoorganotrophic heterotrophs that are involved in decomposition of organic matter.

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5
Q

Where do fungi inhabit?

A

soil and water

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6
Q

How does fungi reproduce?

A

by spores in means of asexual and sexual stages

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7
Q

What are moulds?

A

Non-photosynthetic, plant-like organisms. They are multicellular, filamentous organisms with Rigid cell walls made of
Chitin and other CHO polymers

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8
Q

what is an important feature of moulds?

A

Hypha- “Tube” containing many different nuclei with shared cytoplasmic components. Hyphal mat enlarges to become visible mycelium and these mycelium can be vegetative and ariel mycelium

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9
Q

What is the vegetative mycelium?

A

extends into growth medium to extract nutrients.

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10
Q

What is the ariel mycelium?

A

seen above the surface of the growth medium and contains reproductive structures

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11
Q

Where are spores produced?

A

Within a sac called a sporangium. The spores within the sporangium are called sporangiospores.

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12
Q

What is fungal taxonomy based upon?

A
  1. Morphological characteristics
  2. Reproductive characteristics
  3. DNA sequences 18s rRNA gene
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13
Q

What are yeasts?

A

Belong to the Ascomycota subdiivision. They are
Unicellular
(filamentous stages possible but rarely observed) and larger than bacteria (x10) and normally round/oval.
Contain cell walls made of chitin or other sugar polymers.

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14
Q

Is yeast diploid or haploid?

A

Haploid

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15
Q

how is yeast produced?

A

In asexual reproduction by binary fission or “budding”.

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16
Q

What is an example of yeast?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

17
Q

Where is Candida albicans found?

A

thrush (filamentous phase causes damage)

18
Q

Where is Cryptococcus neoformans
found?

A

infections of HIV patients

19
Q

Where is Saccharomyces cerevisiae
found?

A

alcohol and carbon dioxide

20
Q

What industries are fungi involved in?

A

ethanol
antibiotics
enzymes (washing powders etc.)
solvents
food flavours
Cholesterol-lowering drugs

21
Q

fungi are the main organisms involved in what?

A

the decay of organic material and the recycling of essential elements (C, N, etc.)

22
Q

yeast are good model organisms for what?

A

genetic manipulation

23
Q

what fungi is an edible mushroom?

A

agaricus bisporus

24
Q

what mould is edible?

A

Fusarium veneatum where the mycelium can be shaped to mimic meat

25
Q

What problems can fungi cause in humans?

A
  1. grain infections
  2. rusts- garden plants
  3. dry rot- homes, barns
  4. human infections- thrush
  5. food spoilage- bread mould, mucor
26
Q

What caused the irish potato famine?

A

Phytophthora infestans – it is
NOT a Fungus any more!!!!!!!!
OOMYCETE

27
Q

How does fungi benefit man?

A

In food production, enzyme production, antibiotic production, natural symbionts and element recycling for C, N and S

28
Q

What is Mycorrhizae?

A

A plant-fungus mutualism and the vast majority of plants (>90%) is mycorrhizal

29
Q

What are lichens?

A

A symbiotic relationship of fungi and algae and often found in harsh tundra condictions

30
Q

Where does chitin biosynthesis occur in?

A

fungi

31
Q

What size is fungi nuclei?

A

very small with little repetitve DNA

32
Q

What unique sterol do fungal cell membranes have?

A

ergosterol

33
Q

What pathway is different in fungi compared to humans?

A

Lysine biosynthesis pathway- they make it and humans don’t

34
Q

What are chemoorganotrophic heterotrophs?

A

An organism that gets its carbon from organic substrates for growth and development and gets its energy from the decomposition, also oxidation, of an organic compound

35
Q

What is hypha?

A

one of the threads that make up the mycelium of a fungus

36
Q

What are mycelium?

A

a network of fungal threads or hyphae

37
Q

What are 2 examples of mould species and where are they found?

A

Penicillium digitatum- found in soil of citrus producing areas
Stachybotrys chartarum (black mould)- found in water damaged building etc

38
Q

what are 2 fungal diseases?

A

ringworm and vaginal candidiasis

Microbiology (29 decks)

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