Industrial Era Migration - Impact of Migration Flashcards
What were the key components of Britain’s wealth between 1750 and 1900?
Britain’s wealth depended on industry during this period. It required raw materials from around the world, manufactured goods produced in British factories, and the export of both goods and coal.
What role did coal play in Britain’s industrial economy?
Coal was the primary fuel powering factory machines in Britain during the industrial era. Britain’s rich coal deposits fueled industrial growth and were also exported, contributing to the country’s wealth.
How did the trade of consumer goods contribute to Britain’s economy?
Consumer goods like tea, sugar, and tobacco were shipped to Britain and traded, bringing profit to various entities including planters, shipping companies, merchants, and shopkeepers.
Describe the role of immigrant labor in Britain’s industrial processes.
Immigrant labor was crucial across various aspects of Britain’s industrial processes. This included Asian, African, and West Indian seamen working on ships, Irish migrants working as ‘navvies’ in construction, and migrant workers from various countries employed in factories.
Who were some of the entrepreneurs benefiting from Britain’s industrial system, and what was their background?
Several entrepreneurs profiting from Britain’s industrial system were immigrants themselves, with many coming from places like Germany.
How did the wealth invested in Britain’s industrial processes relate to slavery?
Much of the wealth invested in Britain’s industrial processes originated from profits gained from the slave plantations of North America and the West Indies.
What was the significance of migration in supplying cheap labor for industrial Britain?
Migration provided the cheap labor that industrial Britain required for its economic growth. This, in turn, created more job opportunities for British workers.
What were the overall living and working conditions like for most people in Britain by 1900?
By 1900, while significant wealth disparities existed, living and working conditions for most people in Britain were better than they had been previously, owing to economic growth and industrial development.
How did mass immigration in the 19th century impact food and drink in Britain?
Italian immigrants introduced ice cream, German immigrants contributed to the ‘full English’ breakfast, and Jewish immigrants brought fish and chips. Additionally, coffee, tea, chocolate, and sugar, sourced from various parts of the world, became staples in British consumption.
How did mass immigration influence fashion in 19th century Britain?
Jewish tailors and seamstresses working in sweatshops produced affordable, high-quality clothing, allowing many working-class British people to afford new clothes for the first time. Additionally, the import of Asian fabrics, porcelain, and furniture became fashionable after the East India Company began importing them.
What impact did mass immigration have on relationships in 19th century Britain?
Mass migration led to an increase in ‘mixed’ marriages, contributing to the diverse ancestry of many ‘white English’ people today. Communities with mixed ethnicities formed in cities like Cardiff, Hull, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, South Shields, and Bristol due to children of ‘foreign’ seamen and British mothers growing up together.
How did mass immigration affect religion in 19th century England?
Mass migration brought various faiths to England, including Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Judaism. Migrants opened places of worship, leading to greater religious freedom in England. This influx of diverse religious influences contributed to the guarantee of freedom of worship in Britain.
What were some significant political movements during this period of great political change?
Campaigns for the abolition of the slave trade and slavery itself gained momentum, along with movements for voting reform and the rise of working-class organizations like trade unions and the Labour Party. Social action to address poverty, disease, and housing issues also occurred.
How did autobiographies by formerly enslaved individuals contribute to political change?
Autobiographies by individuals like Mary Prince, Ottobah Cugoano, and Olaudah Equiano played a crucial role in turning public opinion against slavery. Their writings helped galvanize support for the abolition movement.
Who were some notable figures of mixed racial backgrounds involved in political activism against slavery?
William Davidson and Robert Wedderburn, both born to black enslaved mothers and white fathers, became political activists against slavery. Davidson was executed for his involvement in the Cato Street Conspiracy, while Wedderburn fought for the rights of working people.
