INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY_LESSON 2 (PRODUCTION SYSTEM) Flashcards
What is production?
It is a method employed for making or providing essential goods and services for consumers.
What are the three main components of a production system?
INPUT – CONVERSION PROCESS – OUTPUT
What is included in the input of a production system?
These are the raw materials, man, capital, energy, and information.
What is included in the output of a production system?
These are the finished products, services.
What does the conversion process involve?
It includes operation (either manual, mechanical or chemical).
What are the supporting activities in the conversion process?
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL, PURCHASE OF RAW MATERIALS, INSPECTION OF PARTS AND WORK-IN-PROGRESS, TESTING OF PRODUCTS, QUALITY CONTROL.
What are the factors of production?
NATURE (FORMER LAND), LABOR, CAPITAL, ENTERPRISE.
What is the significance of nature in production?
It is impossible to carry out production without land, water, and other resources.
What is the role of labor in production?
Human efforts is a necessary factor for production.
What is capital in the context of production?
Generally, refers to Money.
What is not considered a factor of production?
MONEY.
What are the two types of capital?
PRIVATE AND PERSONAL.
What is enterprise in production?
The activity that combines all the other factors of production into a product or service for consumer market.
What are the four types of production systems?
UNIT OR JOB PRODUCTION, BATCH PRODUCTION, MASS PRODUCTION, CONTINUOUS OR PROCESS PRODUCTION.
What is unit or job production?
Most commonly observed when you need to produce one single unit of a product at a time.
What are the advantages of unit/job production?
PRODUCT IS USUALLY HIGH QUALITY, PRODUCER MEETS INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS NEEDS, GREATER JOB SATISFACTION – INVOLVED IN ALL STAGES OF PRODUCTION.
What are the disadvantages of unit/job production?
COST OF PRODUCING ONE UNIT OR JOB IS HIGHER, LABOUR INTENSIVE, REQUIRES INVESTMENT IN SKILLS AND TRAINING.
What is batch production?
Most commonly used in consumer durables and Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG).
What are the advantages of batch production?
MAKING IN BATCHES REDUCES UNIT COSTS, IT CAN STILL ADDRESS SPECIFIC CONSUMER NEEDS (SIZE, WEIGHT, STYLE ETC.), USE OF SPECIALIST MACHINERY & SKILLS CAN INCREASE OUTPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY.
What are the disadvantages of batch production?
TIME LOST SWITCHING BETWEEN BATCHES, MACHINERY MAY NEED TO BE RESET, NEED TO KEEP STOCKS OF RAW MATERIALS.
What is mass production?
Also known as Flow production or assembly line production.
What are the advantages of mass production?
LABOR COSTS ARE USUALLY LOWER, MATERIALS CAN BE PURCHASED IN LARGE QUANTITIES SO THEY ARE OFTEN CHEAPER, LARGE NUMBER GOODS ARE PRODUCED.
What are the disadvantages of mass production?
MACHINERY IS VERY EXPENSIVE TO BUY SO PRODUCTION LINES ARE VERY EXPENSIVE TO SET UP, NOT VERY FLEXIBLE AS A PRODUCTION LINE IS DIFFICULT TO ADAPT, IF ONE PART OF THE LINE BREAKS THE ENRIRE PRODUCTION LINE WILL BE AFFECTED UNTIL IT IS REPAIRED
What differentiates mass production from continuous production?
AMOUNT OF MECHANICAL WORK INVOLVED.
What are the advantages of continuous production?
PROCESS CAN NORMALLY BE AUTOMATED WHICH REDUCES UNIT COSTS, LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE PRODUCED, IDEAL FOR PRODUCTS WHICH HAVE TO BE OF A CONSISTENT QUALITY.
What are the disadvantages of continuous production?
HEAVY INVESTMENT REQUIRED IN PROCESS DESIGN AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT, DIFFICULT AND DISRUPTIVE IF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS HAS TO BE STOPPED, LITTLE OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE PRODUCT.
