INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY_LESSON 2 (PRODUCTION SYSTEM)

Question 1

What is production?

Answer 1

It is a method employed for making or providing essential goods and services for consumers.

Question 2

What are the three main components of a production system?

Answer 2

INPUT – CONVERSION PROCESS – OUTPUT

Question 3

What is included in the input of a production system?

Answer 3

These are the raw materials, man, capital, energy, and information.

Question 4

What is included in the output of a production system?

Answer 4

These are the finished products, services.

Question 5

What does the conversion process involve?

Answer 5

It includes operation (either manual, mechanical or chemical).

Question 6

What are the supporting activities in the conversion process?

Answer 6

PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL, PURCHASE OF RAW MATERIALS, INSPECTION OF PARTS AND WORK-IN-PROGRESS, TESTING OF PRODUCTS, QUALITY CONTROL.

Question 7

What are the factors of production?

Answer 7

NATURE (FORMER LAND), LABOR, CAPITAL, ENTERPRISE.

Question 8

What is the significance of nature in production?

Answer 8

It is impossible to carry out production without land, water, and other resources.

Question 9

What is the role of labor in production?

Answer 9

Human efforts is a necessary factor for production.

Question 10

What is capital in the context of production?

Answer 10

Generally, refers to Money.

Question 11

What is not considered a factor of production?

Answer 11

MONEY.

Question 12

What are the two types of capital?

Answer 12

PRIVATE AND PERSONAL.

Question 13

What is enterprise in production?

Answer 13

The activity that combines all the other factors of production into a product or service for consumer market.

Question 14

What are the four types of production systems?

Answer 14

UNIT OR JOB PRODUCTION, BATCH PRODUCTION, MASS PRODUCTION, CONTINUOUS OR PROCESS PRODUCTION.

Question 15

What is unit or job production?

Answer 15

Most commonly observed when you need to produce one single unit of a product at a time.

Question 16

What are the advantages of unit/job production?

Answer 16

PRODUCT IS USUALLY HIGH QUALITY, PRODUCER MEETS INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS NEEDS, GREATER JOB SATISFACTION – INVOLVED IN ALL STAGES OF PRODUCTION.

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of unit/job production?

Answer 17

COST OF PRODUCING ONE UNIT OR JOB IS HIGHER, LABOUR INTENSIVE, REQUIRES INVESTMENT IN SKILLS AND TRAINING.

Question 18

What is batch production?

Answer 18

Most commonly used in consumer durables and Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG).

Question 19

What are the advantages of batch production?

Answer 19

MAKING IN BATCHES REDUCES UNIT COSTS, IT CAN STILL ADDRESS SPECIFIC CONSUMER NEEDS (SIZE, WEIGHT, STYLE ETC.), USE OF SPECIALIST MACHINERY & SKILLS CAN INCREASE OUTPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY.

Question 20

What are the disadvantages of batch production?

Answer 20

TIME LOST SWITCHING BETWEEN BATCHES, MACHINERY MAY NEED TO BE RESET, NEED TO KEEP STOCKS OF RAW MATERIALS.

Question 21

What is mass production?

Answer 21

Also known as Flow production or assembly line production.

Question 22

What are the advantages of mass production?

Answer 22

LABOR COSTS ARE USUALLY LOWER, MATERIALS CAN BE PURCHASED IN LARGE QUANTITIES SO THEY ARE OFTEN CHEAPER, LARGE NUMBER GOODS ARE PRODUCED.

Question 23

What are the disadvantages of mass production?

Answer 23

MACHINERY IS VERY EXPENSIVE TO BUY SO PRODUCTION LINES ARE VERY EXPENSIVE TO SET UP, NOT VERY FLEXIBLE AS A PRODUCTION LINE IS DIFFICULT TO ADAPT, IF ONE PART OF THE LINE BREAKS THE ENRIRE PRODUCTION LINE WILL BE AFFECTED UNTIL IT IS REPAIRED

Question 24

What differentiates mass production from continuous production?

Answer 24

AMOUNT OF MECHANICAL WORK INVOLVED.

Question 25

What are the advantages of continuous production?

Answer 25

PROCESS CAN NORMALLY BE AUTOMATED WHICH REDUCES UNIT COSTS, LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE PRODUCED, IDEAL FOR PRODUCTS WHICH HAVE TO BE OF A CONSISTENT QUALITY.

Question 26

What are the disadvantages of continuous production?

Answer 26

HEAVY INVESTMENT REQUIRED IN PROCESS DESIGN AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT, DIFFICULT AND DISRUPTIVE IF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS HAS TO BE STOPPED, LITTLE OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE PRODUCT.