INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY_LESSON 1 (PARADIGM SHIFT)

Question 1

What are the different societies in paradigm shift?

Answer 1

PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES, HUNTER-GATHERER, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURAL, AGRICULTURAL, FEUDAL, INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY, POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Question 2

societies were small, rural, and dependent largely on local resources

Answer 2

PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Question 3

Economic production was limited to the amount of labor a human being could provide

Answer 3

PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Question 4

In this era, there were few specialized occupations

Answer 4

PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Question 5

The very first occupation was that of ____

Answer 5

HUNTER-GATHERER

Question 6

demonstrate the strongest dependence on the environment of the various types of preindustrial societies.

Answer 6

HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES

Question 7

As the basic structure of human society until about 10,000–12,000 years ago, these groups were based around kinship or tribes.

Answer 7

HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES

Question 8

Changing conditions and adaptations led some societies to rely on the domestication of animals where circumstances permitted

Answer 8

PASTORAL

Question 9

____ such as the Maasai villagers, rely on the domestication of animals as a resource for survival.

Answer 9

PASTORAL

Question 10

Around the same time that pastoral societies were on the rise, another type of society developed, based on the newly developed capacity for people to grow and cultivate plants

Answer 10

HORTICULTURAL

Question 11

formed in areas where rainfall and other conditions allowed them to grow stable crops

Answer 11

HORTICULTURAL

Question 12

While pastoral and horticultural societies used small, temporary tools such as digging sticks or hoes,____relied on permanent tools for survival

Answer 12

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES

Question 13

Around 3000 B.C.E., an explosion of new technology known as the ____ made farming possible—and profitable

Answer 13

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Question 14

Farmers learned to rotate the types of crops grown on their fields and to reuse waste products such as fertilizer, which led to better harvests and bigger surpluses of food

Answer 14

AGRICULTURAL

Question 15

The ninth century gave rise to____

Answer 15

FEUDAL SOCIETIES

Question 16

contained a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection

Answer 16

FEUDAL SOCIETIES

Question 17

The nobility, known as lords, placed vassals in charge of pieces of land. In return for the resources that the land provided, vassals promised to fight for their lords.

Answer 17

FEUDAL SOCIETIES

Question 18

Within a generation, tasks that had until this point required months of labor became achievable in a matter of days

Answer 18

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Question 19

rooted in the production of material goods

Answer 19

INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Question 20

What makes industrial period remarkable?

Answer 20

NEW INVENTIONS

Question 21

Before the Industrial Revolution, work was largely ____, and relied on human workers or horses to power mills and drive pumps

Answer 21

PERSON OR ANIMAL BASED

Question 22

Who created steam engine that could do the work of twelve horses by itself?

Answer 22

JAMES WATT AND MATTHEW BOULTON

Question 23

When was steam engine created?

Answer 23

1782

Question 24

Information societies is also known as __ or ___

Answer 24

POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES OR DIGITAL SOCIETIES

Question 25

recent development

Answer 25

POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Question 26

based on the production of information and services

Answer 26

INFORMATION SOCIETIES (POSTINDUSTRIAL/DIGITAL SOCIETIES)

Question 27

the steam engine of information societies

Answer 27

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Question 28

Rapid period of technological change

Answer 28

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Question 29

Industrial revolution began in ____ before quickly spreading to Europe and other parts of the world

Answer 29

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1750-1914)

Question 30

most famous shipwreck of all time

Answer 30

TITANIC

Question 31

One of the most important achievements of the industrial revolution

Answer 31

R.M.S TITANIC

Question 32

When did RMS titanic embarked on its maiden voyage?

Answer 32

APRIL 10, 1912

Question 33

When did titanic struck an iceberg?

Answer 33

APRIL 14, 1912

Question 34

When did titanic sank?

Answer 34

APRIL 15, 1912

Question 35

How many people died in titanic?

Answer 35

1500

Question 36

Before industrial revolution, it was an agricultural society

Answer 36

GREAT BRITAIN

Question 37

Relatively few people engaged in manufacturing, mining, and trade

Answer 37

GREAT BRITAIN

Question 38

TRUE OR FALSE: Life expectancy in Great Britain before industrial revolution is short

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

With strict social classes according to wealth and position based on birth

Answer 39

GREAT BRITAIN

Question 40

families made up only 1 percent of the population but controlled up to 15% of Britain’s wealth

Answer 40

ARISTOCRATIC (NOBLE)

Question 41

There is no single event that marks the beginning of the IR, but the industries that first experienced it were connected to ___

Answer 41

LARGE PRODUCTION OF IRON, COAL, COTTON, AND WOOL

Question 42

When IR begins, Britain’s population ___ from an estimated 6.5 million people in 1750 to around 32.5 million in 1900

Answer 42

QUADRUPLED

Question 43

Why did the population of Britain’s quadrupled?

Answer 43

IMPROVE LIVING STANDARDS, DECLINING DEATH RATES, IT MOVED FROM RURAL TO URBAN COMMUNITIES

Question 44

What are the drivers of the development?

Answer 44

FACTORIES AND TEXTILE MILLS, MODERN TOWNS AND CITIES, NEW SOURCES OF POWER, IMPROVED TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS