Industrial And Post Industrial Development Of Sport (1780-1900)

Question 1

What does the ‘rational’ in rational recreations suggest ?

Answer 1

Rational suggests that a level of order, logic and structure began to be applied to sports such as football, reflecting a more ordered industrial based society

Question 2

What are the negative effects of rationalised sport in the first half of the 19th century

Answer 2

Lack of leisure time
Lack of income
Migration of the lower class into the cities
Poor health
Loss of rights
A lack of public provisions

Question 3

What does HITFOR stand for ?

Answer 3

H- Poor health and hygiene
I - Lack of Income
T - Lack of Time
F - Facility provisions lacking
O - Overcrowded and lack of space
R - Loss of Rights

Question 4

How was lack of leisure time a negative effect of rationalised sport in the first half of the 19th century ?

Answer 4

Lack of leisure time - The shift from ‘seasonal’ to ‘machine’ leading to 12 hour working days 6 days a week giving people no time to play sports

Question 5

How was lack of income a negative effect of rationalised sport in the first half of the 19th century ?

Answer 5

Lack of income - Low wages and poverty were evident, with little spare income for leisure pursuits or equipment needed to play sports

Question 6

How was migration of the lower class into the cities a negative effect of rationalised sport in the first half of the 19th century ?

Answer 6

Migration of the lower class into the cities - Looking for work in the new factories being built - led to a loss of space to play traditional mob games and overcrowding. No room for mob football

Question 7

How was poor health a negative effect of rationalised sport in the first half of the 19th century ?

Answer 7

Poor health - Along with poor working and living conditions that led to pollution, and a lack of hygiene, also means for little energy to play sports

Question 8

How were loss of rights a negative effect of rationalised sport in the first half of the 19th century ?

Answer 8

Loss of rights - Restrictions were placed on mob games and blood sports by change in criminal law

Question 9

How were a lack of provisions a negative effect of rationalised sport in the first half of the 19th century ?

Answer 9

Lack of provisions - No access to private facilities or no personal equipment for the lower class to play sports with

Question 10

What was the industrial revolution ?

Answer 10

The Industrial Revolution was a key period in British history which witnessed massive changes in the way people lived their lives.

Question 11

What were Some Improvements in the Second Half of the Industrial Revolution (1850-1900) ?

Answer 11

Ex - public school boys
Three tier society
Increased wages and time for sports
Communication
Value of athleticism
Improved health

Question 12

How did health and hygiene improvements effect sport in the second half of the industrial revolution ?

Answer 12

as a result of gradual improvements in living conditions and local council provision of public baths to improve cleanliness and help stop spread disease, enabling more energy and willingness to participate in sport

Question 13

How did gradual increases in wage and time for sport effect sport in the second half of the industrial revolution ?

Answer 13

due to ‘The Factory Act’ and Saturday half-days being provided to the workers. (more time to participate)

Question 14

How did the development of the middle class effect sport in the second half of the industrial revolution ?

Answer 14

self made men (who took advantage of the new business opportunities) changed ways of behaviour and playing sport. It became more respectful and was played at a higher moral code; they developed strict rules, leagues, and competitions; they provided facilities/public parks via their involvement in the local council; they gave more time off work.

Question 15

How did the influence of ex - public school boys effect sport in the second half of the industrial revolution ?

Answer 15

via industry, church helped to promote sport

Question 16

How did the value of athleticism effect sport in the second half of the industrial revolution ?

Answer 16

physical endeavour with moral integrity, (i.e always trying hard and working to the best of your ability but taking part in the spirit of fair play) spread to the lower classes

Question 17

How did industrial patronage effect sport in the second half of the industrial revolution ?

Answer 17

(i.e kind factory owners becoming patrons of sport for the working class by providing support for them to participate in various ways) led to provisions for recreation and sport – factory teams were set up, sporting facilities were provided and excursions to the seaside were organised.

Question 18

How did improvements in transport effect sport in the second half of the industrial revolution ?

Answer 18

Improvements in Transport and Communications via development of roads and steam trains influenced the distance spectators and players could travel, and league were established. Fixtures and results were published in the papers of the time

Question 19

Who founded the wedlock games ?

Answer 19

Dr William Penny Brookes:- the founder of the Wenlock Olympian games in 1850

Question 20

What were the wenlock games ?

Answer 20

In 1850, the Wenlock Agricultural Reading Society (WARS) resolved to form a class called the Olympian Class, which was set up to promote moral, physical and intellectual improvements, especially in the lower-class people of Wenlock