Individual Differences In Memoy Flashcards
Why can our memories differ?(4)
-People have different processing speeds and capacities for different reasons.
-Our schemas are different because we have different experiences.
-Our experiences are different so we have different episodic memories (we can also have different semantic knowledge because of this)
-Gender can affect memory for certain things.
What can affect peoples processing speeds and capacities?
Age and dyslexia
What case study can we link to processing speeds with age?
Sebastian and Hernandez-Gil
How can McDougall link to processing speeds with dyslexia?
What did they find?
McDougall.
Found that poor readers had significantly lower memory spans for words and slower reading rate.
Good readers can articulate words quickly leading to a greater number of words being represented phonologically in STM.
Poor readers sound out words more slowly leading to fewer words being held in STM.
How can Alloway link to dyslexia affecting processing speeds and capacities?
He found that children with dyslexia have difficulties in processing and remembering speech sounds because of poor working memory.
They cannot hold all speech sounds for long enough in a working memory to be able to bind them together to form a word.
They studies children 46 ages 6-11 with a reading disability and found that they had STM deficits that could be the cause.
What case study can link to the fact that our schemas are different due to different experiences?
Bartlett ‘war of the ghosts’.
What case study can link to the fact that our schemas are different due to different experiences?
Bartlett ‘war of the ghosts’.
What case links to the fact that gender can affect memory for certain things.
What did they do?
Palombo:
He found that those scoring high or low on episodic memory also score high or low on semantic memory.
Men scored higher on spatial memory
Those with self-reported depression scored low on episodic and semantic.
He conducted a survey of autobiographical memory assessing individual differences in naturalistic autobiographical memory.
(He considered episodic,semantic,spatial and prospective memory)
Questionnaire contained 102 items which participants scored on a 5 point likert scale.
DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES IN MEMORY
Memory can differ due to us being in what 2 different stages in life and how?
Childhood-dyslexia
Old age-Alzheimer’s
What is dyslexia?
A reading disorder which affects up to 10% of children
can be acquired or developed
Could arise due to a brain injury
(Difficulty learning letter sounds, spelling and reading problems)
What other case study apart from Alloway and McDougall link to dyslexia but in adults?
What did the find?
Smith-spark:
-Found that adults with dyslexia had unimpaired spatial working memory but verbal working memory was impaired.
-This suggests there is a deficit with the phonological loop.
What is Alzheimer’s?
A NEUROLOGICAL disorder occurring when the brain is damaged.
Includes symptoms such as:
-memory loss
-difficulty thinking
-concentration problems
-confusion
How does WMM explain Alzheimer’s?
It is focused on the memory of events and and information.
It impacts of working memory, central executive functioning and makes complex tasks difficult to coordinate.
Visual processing also becomes impaired.
What case study links to Alzheimer’s?
What did they find
Baddeley (2001)
Found that Alzheimer’s sufferers performed worse, particularly on the dual task perfomance.
He conducted attention tests with sufferers of Alzheimer’s and compared them to a control group.
