Individual differences in cognition Flashcards
1
Q
Who invented first IQ test?
A
Alfred Binet (1900s)
2
Q
What was the Stanford-Binet test?
A
- A translated version of binet test to english used on US army new recruits.
- Test was adapted for those who could not read using puzzles, mazes etc
3
Q
What changes did Wechsler propose to the Stanford-Binet test?
A
- Relied too much on language
- Distinction between verbal and non-verbal abilities
4
Q
What is Spearman’s g?
A
- Looked at whether there were different facets of intelligence
- All intelligence questions moderately correlated (general intelligence)
- But also found clusters of question with strong correlations (specific intelligence; verbal reasoning, word fluency, space etc)
5
Q
What is crystallised and fluid intelligence (Raymond Cattell)?
A
- Spearman’s g divided into crystallised and fluid intelligence
- Fluid; capacity to learn new things, biological, not effected by experience
- Crystallised; learned knowledge, effected by experience
6
Q
What is the three stratum model (Carroll, 1993)?
A
- 3 layers of intelligence
- includes g as centre, fluid and crystallised and seond stratum and other factors
7
Q
What determines intelligence?
A
- Heritability; Genetic influences
- Environmental
- IQ is not innate
