Individual and social approaches

Question 1

What does a medical model approach look like

Answer 1

Focused on the person with the disorder - usually using testing

Question 2

What does a social model approach look like

Answer 2

Focused on the person with the disorder in real-life interactions and how society plays a role in either elevating or adding to their disability. How their disability affects them getting a job etc.

Question 3

Why does the communication chain not work in real-life interactions

Answer 3

There is not time to listen and formulate an answer - isn’t normally a gap. We predict what the speaker will say and simultaneously formulate the response

Question 4

What is conversation analysis

Answer 4

Analysis of naturally occurring social interaction (through recordings and transcripts). It uncovers the social ‘rules’ we follow to make our contributions to the interaction ‘normal’. e.g. not stopping in the middle of a sentence.

Question 5

What are the 4 areas of conversation/interaction

Answer 5

1. Actions - requesting, offering, joking, questioning
2. Sequence organisation - actions don’t happen on their own - answers follow qs
3. Epistemics - who knows what and why that matters
4. Turn taking - one person talking at a time and not dominating the conversation

Question 6

What are FPPs and SPPs

Answer 6

First Pair Part - produced by one speaker and a responding action
Second Pair Part - produced by another speaker in response

Question 7

What are FPP and SPP sequences called

Answer 7

Adjacency pairs

Question 8

What is Epistemic status

Answer 8

What participants assume each other know - who is more knowledgeable (K+) and less (K-)

Question 9

What is epistemic stance

Answer 9

How certain a participant is of the knowledge they have

Question 10

When might an epistemic imbalance occur

Answer 10

During question and answers

Question 11

How does CA help us in assessing adults with communication disorders

Answer 11

Apply what we know about a typical conversation to conversations that involve atypical speakers (with dementia) to see how the conversations are different

Question 12

What are TCUs

Answer 12

Turn-Constructional Units - these can be a sentence, phrase or word.
They have projectability - listeners can predict the possible end meaning so you can prepare what you are going to say next

Question 13

What is a TRP

Answer 13

Transition relevance place - at the end of a TCU another speaker can start talking without interrupting

Question 14

What are the 3 general rules in conversation

Answer 14

1. minimise overlaps
2. minimise gaps within or between turns
3. Finish your TCU and don’t interrupt someone until they get to the end of a sentence