Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MDL 125 Hematology > Indices > Flashcards

Indices Flashcards

1
Q

Hgb Male

A

14.0-18.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hgb Female

A

12.0-15.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hct Male

A

40-54

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hct Female

A

35-49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RBC Male

A

4.60-6.00

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RBC Female

A

4.0-5.40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MCV Normal

A

80-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MCH Normal

A

26-32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MCHC Normal

A

32-36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MCV Formula

A

MCV = Hct X 10 / RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MCH Formula

A

MCH = Hb X 10 / RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MCHC Formula

A

MCHC = Hb X 100 / Hct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WBC normal

A

4.5 - 11.5 x 10^9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RDW normal

A

11.5 - 14.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RBC are decreased in

A 
Iron deficiency
Vitamin B6, B12, Folic Acid
Chronic Disease
Hereditary anemia(s)
Toxic metals
Catabolic Metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What chronic diseases can cause lower RBC

A 
Liver dysfunction
Kidney dysfunction
(chemistry tests and BUN, creatinine may be abnormal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why should you asses the RBC

A

Check for anemia and evaluate normal erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What determines the number of RBCs

A 
age
sex
altitude
exercise
diet
pollution
drug use
tobacco/nicotine use
kidney function
etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does hemoglobin contribute to your blood

A

Red color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does hemoglobin contain and its function

A

iron, carries oxygen to the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What ides the hemoglobin level indicate

A

amount of intracellular iron, which its value determines anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What determines anemia

A

HCT, RBC, and the indices (MCV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reasons hemoglobin is increased

A 
Dehydration with prolonged or severe diarrhea
Emphysema, severe asthma, or long standing respiratory distress
Macrocytosis 
Adrenal cortex overactivity
Polycythemia vera
High altitube adaptation
Splenic hypofunction
Testosterone supplementation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes macrocytosis

A

Deficiency of B6 or B12
Folic Acid
Hypothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Reasons hemoglobin is decreased

A 
Digestive inflammation (hidden or obvious blood loss)
Free radical pathology
Adrenal cortical hypofunction
Hereditary anemia
Hemodilution (pregnancy, edema)
Blood loss
Deficiency
Chronic disease
Bone marrow insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Reasons MCV is increased

A 
Hereditary anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Reticulocytosis
Artifact
Liver disease
Hypothyroidism
Drugs
AIDS treatment (Zidovidune)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reasons MCV is decreased

A 
Copper deficiency
Low stomach acid
Vitamine C insufficiency
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Rheumatoid arthritis
Toxic effects of lead and other toxic elements
Herediatry (thalassemias, sideroblastic)
Iron deficicency (blood loss, parasites, poor intake, low stomach acid)
After a splenectomy
Hemolytic anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is MCH

A

Variation of the MCv. Indicates amount of hemoglobin in a single RBC

29
Q

What is the RDW

A

Random Distribution of red cell Width

30
Q

What does the RDW measure

A

How consistent the size of the red blood cells are.

31
Q

Reasons the RDW is increased

A 
B12 and Pernicious anemia
Folic acid anemia
IDA combined with other anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Transfusions
Sideroblastic anemia
Alcohol abuse
Various less common and hereditary anemias
32
Q

Reasons RDW is decreased

A

IDA
Vitamin B6 anemia
Rheumatoid arthritis

33
Q

What index effects hypochromasia

A

Low MCHC

34
Q

What index effects microcyte/macrocyte

A

MCV

35
Q

What does the MCV measure

A

volume in femtoliters

36
Q

What cells are seen with high/low MCV

A

Small - microcytes
Big - macrocytes
Both - anisocytosis

37
Q

What does MCH measure

A

hemoglobin by weight in picograms

38
Q

What is MCH nonspecific for

A

hypochromasia

39
Q

What does MCHC measure

A

% hgb concentration (reflects rule of 3)

40
Q

What should the MCHC be

A

approx 33%

41
Q

What does a low MCHC mean?

A

hypocchromasia

42
Q

What does a MCHC above 36% mean

A

probable error

43
Q

What does RDW measure

A

coefficient of variation of the RBC population = anisocytosis

44
Q

Symptoms of IDA

A

Hypochromic, microcytic (not enough building materials to construct the cells)
Low hgb/hct - no symptoms/morphology until iron stores are depleted
Most common anemia
Mimicked by other conditions

45
Q

How is IDA treated

A

Nutrition or iron supplements

46
Q

What tests are done for IDA

A

Serum iron
Transferrin (elevated to carry any available iron)
Marrow stain: Perle’s Prussian Blue (marrow will show absence of iron)
Others

47
Q

Symptoms of Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Nuclear maturation issue resulting in large blasts
Oval macrocytes (MCV > 120)
hypersegemented neutrophils
HJ bodies, stippling, cabbot rings
Asynchrony in blasts (nucleus and cytoplasm mature at different rates, not in sync)

48
Q

Causes of Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Folate/B12 deficiency (only made in the gut of animals)

Nutritional

49
Q

Anemias with decreased hgb synthesis

A

IDA

Refactory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS)

50
Q

IDA treatment

A

Dietary, decrease in body stores of iron

51
Q

How is RARS contracted

A

Hereditary - sex linked an autosomal recessive
Acquired: Primary Myelodysplasia
Secondary: toxins (lead, alcohol, drugs)

52
Q

Types of cells seen in IDA

A 
Hypochromic
Microcytic
Aniso
Poik
Elliptocytes
53
Q

Types of cells seen in RARS

A

Ringed sideroblasts

Lead - basophilic stippling

54
Q

What does megloblastic anemia cause

A

decreased DNA synthesis

55
Q

Causes of

megaloblastic anemia - B12 deficiency

A 
dietary
Malabsorption (pernicious anemia)
Racial - Scandinavia
Gastrectomy
Hemodyalisism HIV - AIDS
Drugs/alcohol
56
Q

Causes of megaloblastic anemia - folic acid deficiency

A

Dietary - critical in pregnancy
Malabsorption - tropical sprue
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
drug induced

57
Q

Cell types in megloblastic anemia

A

Oval macrocytes
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Pancytopenia
Asynchrony Elliptocytes

58
Q

Pancytopenia

A

deficiency in all 3 components of blood (red, white, platelets)

59
Q

Treatment for megaloblastic anemia

A 
Near immediate response to IM B12 (12-24 hrs)
Elevated retics (new methylene blue stain)
60
Q

Untreated megaloblastic anemia

A

Neurological issues and death

61
Q

Megaloblastic anemia test

A 
Elevated LDH, Indirect bilirubin, Iron Serum and ferritin, erythropoietin
Gastric achlorhydria
Serum B12
Red cell folate
Schiling test
Methylmalonic acid
62
Q

What anemia is cause by stem cell failure

A

Aplastic anemia

63
Q

What is aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production by the bone marrow

64
Q

Types of aplastic anemia

A

Acquired and congenital

65
Q

What is acquired aplastic anemia

A

Idiopathic (primary 40-70%)

secondary to marrow damage from toxins, including radiation and immune responses

66
Q

What is congenital aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi’s anemia
dyskeratosis congenital
Dyserythropoetic CDA Type 1 and 2

67
Q

Acquired aplastic anemia test results

A

pancytopenia that progresses with age
low retic count
morphology typically normal
may do bone marrow tap (replacement of tissue with fatty deposits)

68
Q

Congenital aplastic anemia test results

A

untreated - patients usually die from infections or hemorrhage
Skeletal defects may be present

MDL 125 Hematology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions