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MDL 125 Hematology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The deformability of the RBC is a result of _____ in the cytoskeleton

A

actin and spectin

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2
Q

The initial blood forming organ is the

A

yolk sac

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3
Q

The mature RBC has

A

pink cytoplasm

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4
Q

An increase in neutrophilic bands (and earlier cells) would be considered

A

a shift to the left

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5
Q

What is the nucleus shape of a metamyelocytes

A

kidney shaped

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6
Q

Erythropoiesis is the formation of

A

Red blood cells

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7
Q

The most commonly found toxic changes in neutrophilis is

A

Toxic granulation

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8
Q

You are looking at a bone marrow preparation and you see a cell with a relatively small nucleus; coarse, clumped, pyknotic nucleus; with a cytoplasm that is predominately red-pink with very little basophilia. This is a/an

A

Orthochromatic normoblast

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9
Q

Primitive RBC’s are being formed _____ of fetal development

A

Within 2 weeks of conception

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10
Q

RBC’s are capable of mitosis through which stage?

A

Polychromatophilic normoblast

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11
Q

A gram of hemoglobin combines with _____ ml of oxygen

A

1.34

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12
Q

Cells are identified according to

A

size

nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics

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13
Q

Transferrin functions in transporting _____ to the developing RBC

A

Iron

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14
Q

RBC size is estimated in a differential by comparing the cell to

A

the size of a nucleus of a small lymph

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15
Q

The earliest differentiated cell of the lymphocytic seris is the

A

lymphoblast

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16
Q

As RBC age or die, their

A

size decreases

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17
Q

Plasmacytes are closely related to

A

lymphs

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18
Q

Promyelocytes

A

have nonspecific granules

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19
Q

Blasts (secondary stem cells) usually have

A

deeply basophilic cytoplasm and nucleoli

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20
Q

Blasts are not found in

A

peripheral blood

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21
Q

In looking at a bone marrow preparation you see a cell with deeply blue cytoplasm, a large nucleus in relation to the rest of the cell, and the chromatin is finely reticular with nucleoli present. This is probably a/an

A

Pronormoblast

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22
Q

A cell that is not found in a normal blood smear is a/an

A

Orthochromatic normoblast

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23
Q

Reticulocytes are cells seen immediately following the loss of the _____ by the cytoplasm

A

Nucleus

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24
Q

What is the nucleus shape of a band?

A

Sausage shaped

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25
Q

In response to hypoxia, a hormone is produced to stimulate the production of RBC. This is called

A

Erythropoietin

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26
Q

The undifferentiated mesenchymal cell (stem cell) is also known as

A

hemocytoblast

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27
Q

What cells have no granules in their cytoplasm

A

myelocytes

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28
Q

The initial precursors in heme synthesis are

A

Succinyl CoA
Glycine
Delta ALA

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29
Q

Methemoglobin is hemoglobin that

A

contains iron in the 3+ state

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30
Q

The liquid component of the blood is approximately _____%

A

55

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31
Q

The classic method for the detection of hemoglobin variants is

A

electrophoresis

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32
Q

As the transport system of the body, blood carries

A

digestive products
cellular elements
oxygen

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33
Q

In response to hypoxia, a hormone is produced to stimulate the production of RBC. This is produced by the

A

Kidney

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34
Q

RBC’s exhibiting macrocytes and microcytes would be termed

A

anisocytes

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35
Q

Iron exists in the normal hemoglobin molecule (in the oxygen carrying state) as

A

Ferrous 2+

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36
Q

Serum contains

A

no clotting factors

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37
Q

The term that generally refers to the formation of blood is

A

hematopoiesis

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38
Q

What are the embryonic hemoglobins?

A

Gowers I and II

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39
Q

2,3 DPG is important to

A

Oxygen affinity

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40
Q

RBC are capable of mitosis through which stage

A

Polychromatophilic normoblast

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41
Q

Normal adults have three hemoglobins in their red blood cells. They are

A

A1
A2
F

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42
Q

The cell/s that contain rose-violet granules with standard staining techniques are called

A

neutrophils

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43
Q

Heme synthesis occurs in the

A

Mitochondria

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44
Q

Globin synthesis occurs in the

A

Ribosome

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45
Q

Hemoglobin that is fully saturated with oxygen is called

A

oxyhemoglobin

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46
Q

Plasma consists of all of the following except

A

platelets

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47
Q

Hemoglobin consists of what types of globin chains

A

Alpha and Beta

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48
Q

Hemoglobin contains

A

An iron containing portion called heme and a protein portion called globin

49
Q

The report “RBC’s appear hypochromic” indicates which of the following

A

The color of the cells is decreased

50
Q

The function of hemoglobin is to

A

carry oxygen to the tissue
assist in bringing carbon dioxide to the lungs
act as part of the buffer system

51
Q

RBC’s that exhibit a variety of sizes are called

A

anisocytes

52
Q

Poikilocytosis is a variation in the _____ of erythrocytes

A

Shape

53
Q

The normal hemoglobin molecule is composed of

A

a moiety
subunits of heme and globin
a tetramer of alpha and beta chains

54
Q

Megakaryocytes are the

A

precursor to platelets

55
Q

The lab manual says to spin hematocrits for 4 min at 10,000 RPM. A new employee spun a hematocrit for 8 min at 5,000 RMP. The hematocrit value may be

A

Falsely increased

56
Q

A shift to the left indicates an increase in

A

bands

57
Q

What cell does not include a white blood cell like

A

Megakaryocyte

58
Q

The earliest differentiated cell of the granulocytic series is the

A

myeloblast

59
Q

Myeloblasts and lymphoblasts are differentiated by

A

Peroxidase stain

60
Q

The modified Westerfren method (Dispette) for ESR requires that 2.0 ml of anticoagulated blood is diluted with

A

0.5 ml of 0.85% NaCl

61
Q

Leukopoiesis is the formation of

A

WBC

62
Q

The three series in the granulocytic series are

A

Neutrophilic
Basophilic
Eosinophilic

63
Q

Blood smears are important because they may

A

Guide therapy
Indicate harmful effects of therapy
Furnish a diagnosis

64
Q

The cell/s that contain red-orange granules with standard staining techniques are called

A

eosinophils

65
Q

The normal life span of RBC is

A

120 days

66
Q

What is the immediate precursor of the segmented neutrophil

A

band

67
Q

What are considered toxic changes in granulocytes

A

Dohle bodies

68
Q

How long should a hematocrit be spun for before reading?

A

5 minutes

69
Q

The kidney releases a hormone to stimulate the bone marrow. This is called

A

Erythropoietin

70
Q

Differentation of the granules takes place at the

A

myelocyte

71
Q

A decrease in the WBC count is

A

Leukopenia

72
Q

What tells you that you have added the proper ration of buffer to stain in the Wright’s stain

A

The appearance of a green sheen

73
Q

Drabkin’s solution is used for

A

hemoglobin

74
Q

In the Wright’s stain if the stain appears too red this may be an idication that the pH of the buffer is

A

too acid

75
Q

The cell you see in a diff count that is very large with a grayish cytoplasm and a convoluted nucleaus is a/an

A

monocyte

76
Q

Wright’s stain contains

A

methylene blue

77
Q

Which stain is used for staining peripheral blood smears

A

Wright’s

78
Q

You have a slide that is 40% lymphs - is this normal?

A

It is slightly elevated above the normal amount

79
Q

With strep throat you will likely see _____ on the differential smear

A

Bands

80
Q

Plama cells

A

have a distinct perinuclear halo

81
Q

The typical erythrocyte measures _____ micron/s in diameter

A

6-8

82
Q

Is the presence of band neutrophils normal in the differential? If so, how many would be considered normal

A

Yes, 0-5

83
Q

The cell that stains uniformly pink with a pale central area is called a/an

A

erythrocyte

84
Q

The alkaline part of the Wright’s stain will stain nuclei and some cytoplasmic structures

A

blue

85
Q

According to an Arneth count, an increase in the number of multi-segmented neutrophils (>4 lobes) is

A

shift to the right

86
Q

The mature neutrophil normally exhibits _____ lobe/s

A

3-5

87
Q

On a normal smear what percent is normal for eosinophils?

A

2-4%

88
Q

Wright’s stain is an example of _____ stains

A

Romanowsky

89
Q

A hypochromic cell is seen as a red cell with

A

very little hemoglobin

90
Q

On a normal smear what percent is normal for lymphocytes?

A

20-30%

91
Q

Differentiation of the granules in the WBC takes place at which stage?

A

myelocyte

92
Q

On a normal smear what percent is normal for segmented neutrophils?

A

50-65%

93
Q

A patient presents with a runny nose, cough, and fever. The cell line you will most likely see on the differential smear is a/an

A

lymphocyte

94
Q

On a normal smear what percent is normal for basophils?

A

0-1%

95
Q

The term that refers to the formation of RBC is

A

erythropoiesis

96
Q

The cell most usually seen in an adult with a urinary tract infection is a/an

A

neutrophil

97
Q

The objective you use when you do a WBC estimate is

A

high dry

98
Q

Eosinophils are associated with

A

parasites

99
Q

On a normal smear what percent is normal for monocytes?

A

4-8%

100
Q

The normal WBC count is typically

A

5.0-10.0x10^3

101
Q

A decreased WBC is to be expected in

A

infectious hepatitis

102
Q

RBC’s that exhibit a variety of shapes are called

A

poikilocytes

103
Q

A hypochromic cell is seen as a red cell with

A

very little hemoglobin

104
Q

RBC’s that are larger than normal are called

A

macrocytes

105
Q

Sedimentation rates should be collected with

A

NEED ANSWER

106
Q

A patient presents with a runny nose, cough, and fever. The cell line you will most likely see on the differential smear is a/an

A

lymphocyte

107
Q

Cells responsible for cell mediated immunity are

A

T lymphocytes

108
Q

The alkaline part of the Wright’s stain will stain nuclei and some cytoplasmic structures

A

blue

109
Q

The granules in the basophil contain

A

NEED ANSWER

110
Q

An effective diluent for WBC counts allows

A

all nonnucleated RBC to be hemolyzed

111
Q

The buffer used with the Wright’s stain procedure must be pH

A

NEED ANSWER

112
Q

Differentiation of the granules in the WBC takes place at which stage

A

myelocyte

113
Q

The term that refers to the formation of RBC is

A

erythropoiesis

114
Q

Wright’s stain is an example of _____ stains

A

Romanowsky

115
Q

Eosinophils are associated with

A

parasites

116
Q

All lymphocytes are capable of mitosis

A

True

117
Q

The most common cell found in the normal peripheral smear is the

A

neutrophil

118
Q

The cell that stains uniformly pink with a pale central area is called a/an

A

erythrocyte

119
Q

Plasma cells have

A

a distinct perinuclear halo and cartwheel chromatin

MDL 125 Hematology (4 decks)

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