Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MDL 125 Hematology > Erythrocyte Production > Flashcards

Erythrocyte Production Flashcards

Essay Memorization

1
Q

Undifferentiated stem cells

A

Become BFU-E and CFU-E after 2 weeks. Becomes a pronormoblast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pronormoblast

A

Nucleus - 8:1; finely reticular with several nucleoli
Cytoplasm - basophilic blue w/o heme or globin
Cellular activity - Getting organized
Location - bone marrow
1st differentiated cell in series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basophilic normoblast

A

Nucleus - 6:1; smaller cell, coarse with nucleoli early; chromatin is beginning to condense
Cytoplasm - deeper basophilic
Cellular activity - heme underway; globin starting
Location - bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polychromatic normoblast

A

Nucleus - 4:1; checkerboard no nucleoli, still reducing
Cytoplasm - Pink and blue which may look murky
Cellular activity - heme is actively produced, globin is underway to make hemoglobin ribosomes still present
Location - bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Orthochromic normoblast

A

Nucleus - 1:2; dense, eccentric, off to one side about to be evicted
Cytoplasm - pink/salmon color reflects complete hemoglobin production;
Cellular activity - Hg continues. Nucleus is evicted
Location - Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reticulocyte

A

No nucleus
Cytoplasm - same as orthochromic
Cellular activity - no heme, globin is finishing, hemoglobin is complete
Location - in bone marrow or circulating blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Erythrocyte

A 
biconcave
salmon pink with a central pale area
no heme. no globin. hemoglobin is put together.
Lives 120 days
6-8 microns in diameter
Purpose - carry oxygen
1/3 of cell is hemoglobin
Rest is membrane, salt, enzymes for metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Life span of cell

A

18-21 days to mature, 120 days to deliver oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Porphyrin ring

A

composed of 4 pyrole rings of heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three phases of hematopoietic development?

A

Mesoblastic, hepatic, and medullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the mesoblastic phase?

A

Yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the Hepatic phase?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the medullary phase?

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does mesoblastic phase begin?

A

begins around day 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What types of cells are in mesoblastic phase?

A

primitive erythroblasts from mesodermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what types of Hg are present in mesoblastic?

A

Portland, Gower’s I and Gower’s II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is the hepatic phase?

A

From- gestational weeks until - weeks after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What types of cells are in hepatic phase?

A

Erythroblasts, granulocytes and monoblasts
lymphoid cells begin to appear
megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What types of Hg are present in Hepatic?

A

HbF
HbA
HbA2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When does medullary phase begin?

A

5th month of fetal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is the primary site of hematopoiesis?

A

Bone marrow after 6th month gestation

22
Q

What types of Hg are present in medullary?

A

HbF
HbA
HbA2

23
Q

What types of cell development are in the bone marrow?

A

Erythrocytes
Megakaryocytes
Granulocytes

24
Q

Red marrow

A

hematopoietically active marrow

25
Q

Yellow marrow

A

hematopoietically inactive marrow composed primarily of adipocytes

26
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

27
Q

Cells in normoblastic nomenclature

A 
Pronormoblast
Basophilic normoblast
Polychromatic normoblast
Orthochromic normolast
Polychromatic erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
28
Q

Cells in Rubriblastic nomenclature

A 
Rubriblast
Prorubricyte
Rubricyte
Metarubricyte
Polychromatic erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
29
Q

Cells in Erythroblastic nomenclature

A 
Proerythroblast
Basophilic Erythroblast
Polychromic erythroblast
Orthochromic erythroblast
Polychromatic erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
30
Q

Erythron

A

entirety of all erythroid cells

31
Q

Red Cell Mass

A

cells in circulation

32
Q

Selective permeability

A

Substances that pass freely through membrane

33
Q

Cation Pump

A

Regulates intracellular and extracellular levels of NA+ and K+

34
Q

Role of calcium

A

necessary for the maintenance of cell integrity

35
Q

Intrauterine Hemoglobins

A

Gower-1
Gower-2
Portland
HbF

36
Q

Hemoglobins at Birth

A

HbF

HbA

37
Q

Adult Hemoglobins

A

HbA
HbA1c
HbA2
HbF

38
Q

Heme regulation

A

Key rate-limiting step

39
Q

Globin regulation

A

DNA to mRNA

Heme concentration

40
Q

Hemoglobin Function - Oxygen

A

Bind oxygen
Transport oxygen
Unload oxygen

41
Q

Hemoglobin Function - CO2

A

Carbonic acid

Chloride shift

42
Q

Chemically modified hemoglobins

A 
Oxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
Sulfhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
43
Q

Microcyte

A

small red blood cell with reduced mean volume and reduced diameter. Asssociated with iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia

44
Q

Macrocyte

A

Red blood cell with an abnormally large diameter seen on a blood film. Associated with folate and vitamin B12 deficiency or refractory anemia.

45
Q

Hypochromasia

A

Abnormal decrease in the hemoglobin content of red blood cells so that they appear pale when stained with Wright stain.

46
Q

anisocytosis

A

Variation in size of RBC

47
Q

poikilocytosis

A

Variation in shapes of RBC

48
Q

basophilic stippling

A

Barely visible dark blue to purple granules evenly distributed within a red blood cell. Sign of lead intoxication

49
Q

Embden Meyerhof

A

95% Anaerobic glycolsis
Cells energy for 120 days
Function is to create a net gain of 2 ATP
Has 3 parts: HMP shunt, methemoglobine reductase pathway and luebering rapaport pathway

50
Q

HMP shunt

A

contains key enzyme G-6-PD
produces NADPH
rate limiting step and primary control point of NADPH
G-6-PD is stimulated by NADP and inhibited by NADPH

51
Q

Methemoglobin Reductase pathway

A

changes Iron from 3+ to 2+

52
Q

Luebering Rapaport Pathway

A

essential for oxygen carrying within the hemoglobin molecule.
Key enzyme is 2,3-BPG

MDL 125 Hematology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions