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MDL 125 Hematology > Erythrocyte Production > Flashcards

Erythrocyte Production Flashcards

Essay Memorization

1
Q

Undifferentiated stem cells

A

Become BFU-E and CFU-E after 2 weeks. Becomes a pronormoblast.

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2
Q

Pronormoblast

A

Nucleus - 8:1; finely reticular with several nucleoli
Cytoplasm - basophilic blue w/o heme or globin
Cellular activity - Getting organized
Location - bone marrow
1st differentiated cell in series

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3
Q

Basophilic normoblast

A

Nucleus - 6:1; smaller cell, coarse with nucleoli early; chromatin is beginning to condense
Cytoplasm - deeper basophilic
Cellular activity - heme underway; globin starting
Location - bone marrow

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4
Q

Polychromatic normoblast

A

Nucleus - 4:1; checkerboard no nucleoli, still reducing
Cytoplasm - Pink and blue which may look murky
Cellular activity - heme is actively produced, globin is underway to make hemoglobin ribosomes still present
Location - bone marrow

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5
Q

Orthochromic normoblast

A

Nucleus - 1:2; dense, eccentric, off to one side about to be evicted
Cytoplasm - pink/salmon color reflects complete hemoglobin production;
Cellular activity - Hg continues. Nucleus is evicted
Location - Bone marrow

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6
Q

Reticulocyte

A

No nucleus
Cytoplasm - same as orthochromic
Cellular activity - no heme, globin is finishing, hemoglobin is complete
Location - in bone marrow or circulating blood

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7
Q

Erythrocyte

A 
biconcave
salmon pink with a central pale area
no heme. no globin. hemoglobin is put together.
Lives 120 days
6-8 microns in diameter
Purpose - carry oxygen
1/3 of cell is hemoglobin
Rest is membrane, salt, enzymes for metabolism
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8
Q

Life span of cell

A

18-21 days to mature, 120 days to deliver oxygen

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9
Q

Porphyrin ring

A

composed of 4 pyrole rings of heme

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10
Q

What are the three phases of hematopoietic development?

A

Mesoblastic, hepatic, and medullary

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11
Q

Where is the mesoblastic phase?

A

Yolk sac

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12
Q

Where is the Hepatic phase?

A

Liver

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13
Q

Where is the medullary phase?

A

Bone marrow

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14
Q

When does mesoblastic phase begin?

A

begins around day 19

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15
Q

What types of cells are in mesoblastic phase?

A

primitive erythroblasts from mesodermal cells

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16
Q

what types of Hg are present in mesoblastic?

A

Portland, Gower’s I and Gower’s II

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17
Q

When is the hepatic phase?

A

From- gestational weeks until - weeks after birth

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18
Q

What types of cells are in hepatic phase?

A

Erythroblasts, granulocytes and monoblasts
lymphoid cells begin to appear
megakaryocytes

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19
Q

What types of Hg are present in Hepatic?

A

HbF
HbA
HbA2

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20
Q

When does medullary phase begin?

A

5th month of fetal development

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21
Q

where is the primary site of hematopoiesis?

A

Bone marrow after 6th month gestation

22
Q

What types of Hg are present in medullary?

A

HbF
HbA
HbA2

23
Q

What types of cell development are in the bone marrow?

A

Erythrocytes
Megakaryocytes
Granulocytes

24
Q

Red marrow

A

hematopoietically active marrow

25
Yellow marrow
hematopoietically inactive marrow composed primarily of adipocytes
26
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
27
Cells in normoblastic nomenclature
``` Pronormoblast Basophilic normoblast Polychromatic normoblast Orthochromic normolast Polychromatic erythrocyte Erythrocyte ```
28
Cells in Rubriblastic nomenclature
``` Rubriblast Prorubricyte Rubricyte Metarubricyte Polychromatic erythrocyte Erythrocyte ```
29
Cells in Erythroblastic nomenclature
``` Proerythroblast Basophilic Erythroblast Polychromic erythroblast Orthochromic erythroblast Polychromatic erythrocyte Erythrocyte ```
30
Erythron
entirety of all erythroid cells
31
Red Cell Mass
cells in circulation
32
Selective permeability
Substances that pass freely through membrane
33
Cation Pump
Regulates intracellular and extracellular levels of NA+ and K+
34
Role of calcium
necessary for the maintenance of cell integrity
35
Intrauterine Hemoglobins
Gower-1 Gower-2 Portland HbF
36
Hemoglobins at Birth
HbF | HbA
37
Adult Hemoglobins
HbA HbA1c HbA2 HbF
38
Heme regulation
Key rate-limiting step
39
Globin regulation
DNA to mRNA | Heme concentration
40
Hemoglobin Function - Oxygen
Bind oxygen Transport oxygen Unload oxygen
41
Hemoglobin Function - CO2
Carbonic acid | Chloride shift
42
Chemically modified hemoglobins
``` Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin Methemoglobin Sulfhemoglobin Carboxyhemoglobin ```
43
Microcyte
small red blood cell with reduced mean volume and reduced diameter. Asssociated with iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia
44
Macrocyte
Red blood cell with an abnormally large diameter seen on a blood film. Associated with folate and vitamin B12 deficiency or refractory anemia.
45
Hypochromasia
Abnormal decrease in the hemoglobin content of red blood cells so that they appear pale when stained with Wright stain.
46
anisocytosis
Variation in size of RBC
47
poikilocytosis
Variation in shapes of RBC
48
basophilic stippling
Barely visible dark blue to purple granules evenly distributed within a red blood cell. Sign of lead intoxication
49
Embden Meyerhof
95% Anaerobic glycolsis Cells energy for 120 days Function is to create a net gain of 2 ATP Has 3 parts: HMP shunt, methemoglobine reductase pathway and luebering rapaport pathway
50
HMP shunt
contains key enzyme G-6-PD produces NADPH rate limiting step and primary control point of NADPH G-6-PD is stimulated by NADP and inhibited by NADPH
51
Methemoglobin Reductase pathway
changes Iron from 3+ to 2+
52
Luebering Rapaport Pathway
essential for oxygen carrying within the hemoglobin molecule. Key enzyme is 2,3-BPG

MDL 125 Hematology (4 decks)

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