India

Question 1

Armitsar

Answer 1

Northern Indian city and location of the Golden Temple, Sikhism’s holiest shrine

Question 2

Ayodhya

Answer 2

North-central Indian city where the Babri Mosque was destroyed in 1992

Question 3

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Answer 3

Indian People’s Party; Hindu nationalist party brought to government in the 2014 general election and reelected to government in 2019

Question 4

Caste

Answer 4

Hindu hereditary social groupings

Question 5

Center

Answer 5

Term referring to India’s national government and its capital in New Delhi

Question 6

Chief Minister

Answer 6

Chief executives of federal states in India, elected by the state legislature to serve a five-year term

Question 7

Council of States

Answer 7

Weaker upper house of Indian parliament, representing India’s 28 states and nine territories

Question 8

Dalits

Answer 8

“Suppressed groups” formal name of India’s outcastes

Question 9

East India Company

Answer 9

A firm created to develop trade between the United Kingdom and India (1600-1874)

Question 10

Emergency Rule

Answer 10

Law invoked by Indian national government to suspend the constitution by declaring martial law

Question 11

Gandhi, Indira

Answer 11

Indian prime minister (1966-77, 1979-84) and daughter of Jawaharal Nehru

Question 12

Gandhi, Mahatama (Mohandas K.)

Answer 12

Indian nationalist and leader of the Indian independence movement (1869-1948)

Question 13

Gandhi, Sonia

Answer 13

Italian-born wife of Rajiv Gandhi and leader of the Indian National Congress Party

Question 14

Green Revolution

Answer 14

Period during the 1960s and 70s when technologically enhanced crops and cropping methods dramatically improved food production in India

Question 15

Gujarat

Answer 15

Western Indian state in which Hindu-Muslim violence broke out in 2002

Question 16

Hindi

Answer 16

One of two national languages in India

Question 17

Hinduism

Answer 17

India’s dominant religious tradition

Question 18

Hindutva

Answer 18

Literally, “Hindu-ness”, Hindu nationalism

Question 19

House of the People

Answer 19

Lower and more powerful house of Indian parliament

Question 20

import substitution

Answer 20

Mercantilist strategy of development in which local production is protected from imports

Question 21

Indian National Congress (INC)

Answer 21

Major Indian political party; began as leading organization of Indian independence movement

Question 22

Kashmir

Answer 22

Contested region in northern India claimed by both India and Pakistan

Question 23

Kerala

Answer 23

Southwestern Indian state governed by communists; famous for its high rates of literacy, low rates of fertility, and low population growth

Question 24

licsence raj

Answer 24

India’s highly bureaucratized and politicized mercantilist system of licenses, permits, and quotas governing virtually all aspects of the economy

Question 25

Modi, Narendra

Answer 25

BJP prime minister since 2014 and former successful and controversial chief minister (governor) of the state of Gujarat

Question 26

Mughals

Answer 26

Muslim invaders who ruled India for several hundred years beginning in the 16th century

Question 27

Muslim League

Answer 27

Indian Muslim organization that advocated for a separate, autonomous Muslim state

Question 28

Naxalism

Answer 28

Radical Maoist (or guerrilla communist) insurgency in India

Question 29

Nehru, Jawaharlal

Answer 29

India's first prime minister (1947-64) and successor to Mahatma Gandhi as leader of the INC

Question 30

Outsourcing

Answer 30

Moving the production of goods and services to another country to take advantage of cheap labor

Question 31

Partition

Answer 31

Creation of the new states of Pakistan and India from the South Asian British colony of India in 1947

Question 32

President's rule

Answer 32

State-level equivalent of emergency rule in India, in which the national government takes temporary control of a state by imposing martial law

Question 33

raj

Answer 33

Hindu word for "rule"

Question 34

Sepoy Mutiny

Answer 34

Failed 1857-58 revolt against the British, sponsored by the Indian aristocracy and carried out by sepoys, who were Indian soldiers employed by the British

Question 35

Sikhism

Answer 35

Indian religious tradition combining elements of Hindu and Muslim beliefs

Question 36

Singh, Manmohan

Answer 36

INC prime minister of India, 2004-2014

Question 37

Untouchables

Answer 37

India's outcaste groups, including tribal aboriginals and those who traditionally performed unclean duties