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Comparative Gov. > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abstract Review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutional courts to rule on questions that do not arise from actual legal disputes

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2
Q

Bicameral System

A

A political system in which the legislature comprises two houses

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3
Q

Civil Liberties

A

Individual rights regarding freedoms that are created by the constitution and political regime

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4
Q

Civil Rights

A

Individual rights regarding equality that is created by the constitution and political regime

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5
Q

Civil Society

A

Organizations outside the state that help people define and advance their own interests

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6
Q

Concrete Review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on the basis of actual legal disputes brought before it

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7
Q

Constituency

A

A geographical area that an elected official represents

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8
Q

Constitutional Court

A

The highest judicial body in a political system that decides whether laws and policies violate the constitution

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9
Q

Democracy

A

A political system in which political power is exercised either directly or indirectly by the people

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10
Q

Electoral System

A

A set of rules that govern how votes are cast, counted, and translated into legislative seats

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11
Q

Executive

A

The branch of government that carries out the laws and policies of a state

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12
Q

First Past the Post

A

An electoral system in which individuals compete in single-member districts and the candidate with the largest share of the vote wins the seat

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13
Q

Head of Government

A

The executive role that deals with the everyday tasks of running the state, such as formulating and executing policy (like a prime minister)

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14
Q

Head of State

A

The executive role that symbolizes and represents the people both nationally and internationally (like a monarch or president)

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15
Q

Initiative

A

A national vote called by members of the public to address a specific proposal

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16
Q

Judicial Review

A

The mechanism by which courts can review the actions of the government and overturn those that violate the constitution

17
Q

Legislature

A

The branch of government that makes laws

18
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights

19
Q

Mixed Electoral System

A

An electoral system that uses a combination of single-member districts and proportional representation

20
Q

Multimember District (MMD)

A

An electoral district with more than one seat

21
Q

Parliamentary System

A

A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are assigned to separate executive offices

22
Q

Presidential System

A

A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are combined into one executive office

23
Q

Proportional Representation (PR)

A

An electoral system in which political parties compete in multimember districts, voters choose between parties, and the seats in the district are awarded proportionally to the results of the vote

24
Q

Referendum

A

A national vote called by the government to address a specific proposal and give the public a direct say in policy

25
Q

Republicanism

A

Indirect democracy that emphasizes the separation of powers within a state and the representation of the public through elected officials

26
Q

Rule of Law

A

A system in which all individuals and groups, including those in government, are subject to the law, regardless of their power or authority

27
Q

Semi-Presidential System

A

An executive system that divides power between two strong executives (a president and a prime minister)

28
Q

Single-Member District (SMD)

A

An electoral district with one legislative seat

29
Q

Unicameral System

A

A political system in which the legislature comprises one house

30
Q

Vote of No Confidence

A

Vote taken by a legislature as to whether its members want to continue to support the current prime minister, can force the resignation of the prime minister and/or lead to new parliamentary elections

Comparative Gov. (13 decks)

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