Inclusion & Exclusion Flashcards
Define: prejudice, stereotype, discrimination.
Prejudice - attitude based on positive/negative stereotypes.
Stereotypes - generalized perspective of the outsider group.
Discrimination - direct action taken on the outside group based on prejudice and stereotypes.
Scapegoat theory
Blaming the minority group for the problems of the majority group.
Authoritarian personality trait
Lower educational level + prejudiced personality trait => easier to see the world in a hierarchical system
Cultural theory
Some prejudice is culturally bound, (but we cannot dismiss intolerance as just a trait!)
Oppression of minorities theory
Higher power individuals oppress minoritites for personal gains.
The postcolonial plights and the new cultural racism theory
Prejudices based on biological differences (If we fight prejudice introduced by colonization -> opportunity for an independent development of people)
The Thomas Theorem (again) + 3 stages of power abuse
Stereotypes only real if people believe in them.
1) prejudice + discrimination
2)social disadvantage
3)belief in minorities inferiority
What are some interactions between majority/minority?
1)Multiculturalism/pluralism = tolerant living based on equality.
2) Assimilation - minority blends in with majority.
3) Segregation - isolation of minority from majority.
4) Genocide - elimination of minority by majority.
Intergroup threat theory
Some groups more easily threatened by the outgroup, because negative prejudices and ingroup anxiety.
Higher power -> less threatened than lower power.
More collectivistic societies than individualistic -> more easily threatened.
When strong ingroup connection -> “Us and them” -> cognitive biases, that lead to outgroup bias, BUT blindness towards ingroup.
Outgroup bias may result in violence and conflict.
More threat -> less communication and empathy towards outgroup.
What are solution to intergroup threat?
Communication and learning about the outgroup.
Authority should step in for anti-discrimination regulations.
Decategorization -> generalization
Recategorization -> highlighting similarities + erasing differences => universality and communion
Is inclusion real? (BM)
No, because we cannot include everyone - we’re always excluding someone.
Is industry rivalry a real thing?(BM)
Yes, because industries always want to exclude their competition to gain the most profit and customers.
It’s influenced by number of supplies, buyer, threats of substitutes and new entrants.
What is the concept of managerialism? How is it linked with conflicts?
Manageralism is important in the conflict side of organisations.
Conflicts = can be solved with rationality, should be peaceful, don’t involve emotions, solvable with communication.
Managers cover up conflicts for the image of the firm.
Does one mistake in the firm affect others?
Yes, everyone works in a different field within company, but the web of interdependent relationships is linked with each employee and employer, so if someone commits smthn it affects everyone.
The established and the outsider theory
established - hostile towards the outsiders.
“us and them” mindset => us - good, them - bad.
Solvable with communication.
