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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM > In Module Muscle > Flashcards

In Module Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

everything that our mind conceives were being translated into actions through skeletal muscle contractions.

A

Movement

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2
Q

with proper tone, muscles helps us to maintain posture through a steady or constant state of partial contraction.

A

Maintenance of posture

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3
Q

the main muscle for bathing is the diaphragm. With its contraction, it allows air to enter the lungs. Moreover, other muscles of the thorax carry out the movements necessary for respiration.

A

Respiration

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4
Q

When skeletal muscles contract, heat is given off as a by-product. This released heat is critical to the maintenance of body temperature.

A

Production of heat

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5
Q

Skeletal muscles are involved in all aspects of communication, including speaking, writing, typing, gesturing, and facial expressions.

A

Communication

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6
Q

The contraction of smooth muscle within the walls of internal organs and vessels causes those structures to constrict. can help propel and mix food and water in the digestive tract, propel secretions from organs and regulate blood flow through vessels.

A

Constriction of organs and vessels

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7
Q

The contraction of cardiac muscle causes the heart to beat propelling blood to all parts of the body.

A

Contraction of the heart

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8
Q

Muscular tissue is composed of elongated muscle cells

A

Muscle fibers

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9
Q

to generate force, which produces motion, maintains posture, and generates heat.

A

Muscular tissue

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10
Q

striated (banded); cells are large, long, and cylindrical, with many nuclei, Movement of the body voluntary control

A

Skeletal muscle

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11
Q

muscle cells are tapered at each end, are not striated, and have
a single nucleus
Function
Regulates the size of organs, forces
ture thirouen tubes, conros thie
amount of light entering the eye and produces “goose bumps” in the skin; under involuntary
unconscious control

A

Smooth

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12
Q

It is a cylindrical ond striated and have a single nucleus; they
rumos the olood; under
involuntary (unconscious) control
In the neor
another by therebluree disks, willet
contain gap junctions

A

Cardiac muscle

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13
Q

specialized GAP JUNCTIONS helps in coordinating contractions.
Cardiac muscle has striations and contracts involuntarily.
structure.

A

Intercalated dics

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14
Q

It is a longest type of muscle, make up to 40% of body weight. It is named because of its attachment to bones.

A

Skeletal muscle

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15
Q

What are the Skeletal muscle four major functional characteristics

A

contractility,
excitability,
extensibility,
elasticity.

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16
Q

shorten with force

A

Contractility

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17
Q

respond to stimulus

A

Excitability

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18
Q

stretched to its normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree.

A

Extensibility

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19
Q

to recoil to original resting length after stretched

A

Elasticity

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20
Q

surrounds the entire skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium

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21
Q

around each muscle fasciculus (bundle o muscle fibers)

Sheath of connective tissue encasing fascicles

A

Perimysium

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22
Q

tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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23
Q

Muscle Fiber Structure:

thread-like proteins

A

Myofibril

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24
Q

proteins that make up myofibrils (ex. actin and myosin)

A

Myofilament

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25
Q

cytoplasm of muscle fiber (cell)

A

Sacroplasm

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26
Q

cell membrane and contains T-tubules

A

Sarcolemma

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27
Q

wrap around sarcomeres

A

T tubules (transverse)

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28
Q

type of SER. It surrounds myosin and also stores and releases Ca2+

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulumn

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29
Q

Actin and Myosin Myofilaments

thin myofilament and resemble 2 strands of pearls

A

Actin

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30
Q

thick myofilament and resemble golf clubs

A

Myosin

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31
Q

attachment site on actin for Ca2+

A

Troponin

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32
Q

filament on grooves of actin and serves as an attachment site on actin for myosin

A

Tropomyosin

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33
Q

contractile unit. It contains actin and myosin

The unit of contraction of the myofibrils of a muscle

A

Sacromere

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34
Q

protein fibers that form attachment site for actin

A

Z disk

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35
Q

center of sarcomere. It contains only myosin

A

H. Zone

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36
Q

contains only actin

A

I band

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37
Q
  • where actin and myosin
A

A band

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38
Q
  • where myosin is anchored
A

M line

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39
Q

center of abdomen; compresses abdomen

A

Rectus abdo

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40
Q

Lower Limb Muscle

flexes hip

A

Illiopsoas

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41
Q

buttocks; extends hip and abducts thigh

A

Gluteus maximus

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42
Q

hip; abducts and rotates thigh

A

Gluteus medius:

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43
Q

Muscles in upper legs called?

A

Quadriceps femoris

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44
Q

front of thigh; extends knee and flexes hip

A

Rectus femoris

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45
Q

It extends knee

A

Vastus lateralis and vastus medialis and vastus intermedius

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46
Q

hamstring, back
of thigh; flexes knee, rotates leg, extends hip

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

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47
Q

Muscles of Lower Leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

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48
Q

front of lower leg; inverts foot

A

Tibialis anterior

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49
Q

calf; flexes foot and leg

A

Gastrocnemius

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50
Q

attaches to ankle; flexes foot

A

Soleus

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51
Q

What are the muscles in the upper leg

A

Quadriceps femoris
4 thigh muscles
Gracilis

Biceps femoris,
semi-mem-branosus,
semi-ten-dinosus

52
Q

What are the muscles in thigh and hip

A

Iliopsoas
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius

53
Q

nerve cells that CARRY action potentials to muscle fibers

A

Motor neuron -

54
Q

nerve cell and muscle fiber meet

Connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction (synapse)

55
Q

end of nerve cell (axon)

A

Presynaptic terminal

56
Q

muscle fiber membrane

A

Postsynaptic membrane

57
Q

space between presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane

Narrow space between the end of a motor nerve and the muscle fiber

A

Synaptic cleft

58
Q

store and release neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic vesicle

59
Q

chemicals that stimulate or inhibit muscle fiber (e.g. Ach)

A

Neurotransmitter

60
Q

group of muscle fibers that motor neuron stimulates

A

Motor unit

61
Q

It occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another, causing the sarcomeres to shorten.

A

Contraction

62
Q

The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called

A

sliding filament model

63
Q

TERMS:
WEAKEST stimulus needed to produce a response

A

Thersehold

64
Q

muscle contracts or doesn’t (no in between)

A

All or none law

65
Q

rapid contraction and relaxation of a muscle

A

Twitch

66
Q

muscle remains contracted

A

Tetanus

67
Q
  • amount of tension increases (weight)
A

Isometric

68
Q

amount of repetitions increases

A

Isotonic

69
Q

constant tension over a long period of time

A

Tone

70
Q

What are the structure of muscles

A

Whole muscle
Muscle Fasciculi
Muscle fiber
Myofibril
Myofilament
Actin
Myosin

71
Q

released from the end of a motor neuron

A

Acetycholine

72
Q

breaks down fatty acids

A

Aerobic respiration

73
Q

breaks down glucose

A

Anaerobic respiration

74
Q

action of a prime mover

A

Antagonist

75
Q

Flat, broad tendon that attaches a muscle to another muscle

A

Aponeurosis

76
Q

Adenosine triphosphate; used for energy in cells to function

A

ATP

77
Q

Decrease in the size

A

Atrophy

78
Q

thick midsection

A

Belly

79
Q

impulses arrive so FAST the muscle cannot relax

A

Complete tetanus

80
Q

used for SHORT BURST of high-energy activity

A

Creatine phosphate

81
Q
  • Connective tissue surrounding the muscle
A

Fascia

82
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers

A

Fascicles

83
Q

Enlargement of a muscle

A

Hypertrophy

84
Q

rapid muscle contraction with ONLY partial relaxation

A

Incomplete tetanus

85
Q

END. attaches to the more mobile bone

A

Insertion

86
Q

muscle changes length to move a load

A

Isotonic contraction

87
Q

neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates

A

Motor unit

88
Q

Strong,FIBROUS CORD through which a muscle attaches to a bone

A

Tendon

89
Q

which each successive twitch contracts more FORCEFULLY than the previous one

A

Treppe

90
Q

The main muscle triggering a movement

A

Prime mover

91
Q

Scientific study of muscle

A

Myology

92
Q

Increase

A

Vasolodilation

93
Q

Decrease

A

Vasoconstriction

94
Q

It is muscle strain

A

Overuse

95
Q

It is tendon and ligament damage

A

Ankle sprain

96
Q

It is a white layer that covered in muscles

A

Fascia

97
Q

It is the cell that we will see in the muscle

A

Myofibril

98
Q

It is the mide

A

A band

99
Q

Lighter

A

I band

100
Q

It is the center of each A band

A

H zone

101
Q

It is the center of H zone

A

M line

102
Q

It is the center of H zone

A

M line

103
Q

Mxinus

A

Largest

104
Q

Minus

A

Smallest

105
Q

Longus

A

Long

106
Q

Brevis

A

Short

107
Q

Let issimus

A

Midest

108
Q

Mangnus

A

Large

109
Q

Major

A

Large

110
Q

Minor

A

Small

111
Q

Vastus

A

Hige

112
Q

Muscles acc to their direction

Rectus

A

Parallel

113
Q

Transversus

A

Perpendicular

114
Q

Oblique

A

Some angle

115
Q

Name skeletal muscles by

A

Location
Shape
Size
Direction of fibers
Number of origins
Location attachment
Type of motion

116
Q

What shape of orbicularis oris

A

Circluar (mouth)
Fascicles are in concentric rings

117
Q

Fascicles spread out but convergent toward tendon insertion

A

Convergent ( pectoralis)

118
Q

Fascicles taper down to tendon at two ends

A

Fusiform (biceps brachii)

119
Q

Fascicles run in a straight line parallel to the axis of the musclr

A

Non fusiform (sartorius)

120
Q

In is muscles sits on one side of tendon

A

Unipenate

121
Q

It is muscles on both sides

A

Bipennate

122
Q

It is muscles looks like several feathers inserted

A

Multipennate

123
Q

Skeletal muscle can only contract___

A

30 percent

124
Q

It is shorten more but produce less power

A

Fibers parallel

125
Q

It is shorten but produce more power

A

Oblique

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM (11 decks)

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